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Algorithmic stability is an important notion that has proven powerful for deriving generalization bounds for practical algorithms. The last decade has witnessed an increasing number of stability bounds for different algorithms applied on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-31 Lingjiong Zhu , Mert Gurbuzbalaban , Anant Raj , Umut Simsekli

Recent empirical work on stochastic gradient descent (SGD) applied to over-parameterized deep learning has shown that most gradient components over epochs are quite small. Inspired by such observations, we rigorously study properties of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Yingxue Zhou , Xinyan Li , Arindam Banerjee

We establish matching upper and lower generalization error bounds for mini-batch Gradient Descent (GD) training with either deterministic or stochastic, data-independent, but otherwise arbitrary batch selection rules. We consider smooth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Konstantinos E. Nikolakakis , Amin Karbasi , Dionysis Kalogerias

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is an out-of-equilibrium algorithm used extensively to train artificial neural networks. However very little is known on to what extent SGD is crucial for to the success of this technology and, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Persia Jana Kamali , Pierfrancesco Urbani

Stochastic gradient optimization methods are broadly used to minimize non-convex smooth objective functions, for instance when training deep neural networks. However, theoretical guarantees on the asymptotic behaviour of these methods…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-17 Jean-Baptiste Fest , Audrey Repetti , Emilie Chouzenoux

Stochastic optimization via Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is a fundamental problem in statistics and optimization. This paper revisits Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) for strongly convex objectives, establishing tight, uniform-in-time…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-19 Kang Chen , Yasong Feng , Tianyu Wang

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and its Ruppert-Polyak averaged variant (ASGD) lie at the heart of modern large-scale learning, yet their theoretical properties in high-dimensional settings are rarely understood. In this paper, we provide…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-15 Jiaqi Li , Zhipeng Lou , Johannes Schmidt-Hieber , Wei Biao Wu

In this paper, we investigate the theoretical properties of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) for statistical inference in the context of nonconvex optimization problems, which have been relatively unexplored compared to convex settings.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-06 Yanjie Zhong , Todd Kuffner , Soumendra Lahiri

Optimal Transport has sparked vivid interest in recent years, in particular thanks to the Wasserstein distance, which provides a geometrically sensible and intuitive way of comparing probability measures. For computational reasons, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Eloi Tanguy

We aim to make stochastic gradient descent (SGD) adaptive to (i) the noise $\sigma^2$ in the stochastic gradients and (ii) problem-dependent constants. When minimizing smooth, strongly-convex functions with condition number $\kappa$, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Sharan Vaswani , Benjamin Dubois-Taine , Reza Babanezhad

We study the iteration complexity of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) for minimizing the gradient norm of smooth, possibly nonconvex functions. We provide several results, implying that the $\mathcal{O}(\epsilon^{-4})$ upper bound of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Yoel Drori , Ohad Shamir

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is widely believed to perform implicit regularization when used to train deep neural networks, but the precise manner in which this occurs has thus far been elusive. We prove that SGD minimizes an average…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-17 Pratik Chaudhari , Stefano Soatto

Past research has indicated that the covariance of the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) error done via minibatching plays a critical role in determining its regularization and escape from low potential points. Motivated by some new…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-02 Riddhiman Bhattacharya , Tiefeng Jiang

It is well-known that the reparameterisation gradient estimator, which exhibits low variance in practice, is biased for non-differentiable models. This may compromise correctness of gradient-based optimisation methods such as stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Dominik Wagner , Basim Khajwal , C. -H. Luke Ong

This paper analyzes the trajectories of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) to help understand the algorithm's convergence properties in non-convex problems. We first show that the sequence of iterates generated by SGD remains bounded and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-22 Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Nadav Hallak , Ali Kavis , Volkan Cevher

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) with adaptive steps is widely used to train deep neural networks and generative models. Most theoretical results assume that it is possible to obtain unbiased gradient estimators, which is not the case in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-17 Sobihan Surendran , Antoine Godichon-Baggioni , Adeline Fermanian , Sylvain Le Corff

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is a fundamental algorithm in machine learning, representing the optimization backbone for training several classic models, from regression to neural networks. Given the recent practical focus on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-25 Dan Alistarh , Christopher De Sa , Nikola Konstantinov

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) on a low-rank factorization is commonly employed to speed up matrix problems including matrix completion, subspace tracking, and SDP relaxation. In this paper, we exhibit a step size scheme for SGD on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-02-11 Christopher De Sa , Kunle Olukotun , Christopher Ré

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) has been found to be surprisingly effective in training a variety of deep neural networks. However, there is still a lack of understanding on how and why SGD can train these complex networks towards a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-03 Yi Zhou , Junjie Yang , Huishuai Zhang , Yingbin Liang , Vahid Tarokh

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and its variants are the most used algorithms in machine learning applications. In particular, SGD with adaptive learning rates and momentum is the industry standard to train deep networks. Despite the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-29 Xiaoyu Li , Francesco Orabona
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