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Traditional quantum random number generators can produce only one type of random number, while the optimal distribution of random numbers for different applications is usually distinct. The typical solution to this challenge is either using…

As an emerging non-volatile memory technology, magnetic random access memory (MRAM) has key features and advantages including non-volatility, high speed, endurance, low power consumption and radiation tolerance. Conventional MRAM utilizes…

We present the Random Permutation Sorting System (RPSS), a novel framework for true uniform randomness generation grounded in statistical quantum mechanics. RPSS is built on a pair of conjugate observables, the permutation count and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Randy Kuang

Quantum random number generation (QRNG) is a resource that is a necessity in the field of cryptography. However, its certification has been challenging. In this article, we certify randomness with the aid of quantum entanglement in a device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Vardaan Mongia , Abhishek Kumar , Shashi Prabhakar , Anindya Banerji , R. P. Singh

Ising computer is a powerful computation scheme to deal with NP-hard optimization problems that cannot be efficiently addressed by conventional computers. A robust probabilistic bit (P-Bit) which is realized by a hardware entity fluctuating…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-02-23 Bolin Zhang , Yu Liu , Tianqi Gao , Deming Zhang , Weisheng Zhao , Lang Zeng

Resistive memories (RRAM) are promising candidates for replacing present nonvolatile memories and realizing storage class memories; hence resistance switching devices are of particular interest. These devices are typically memristive, with…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-02-06 N Vasileiadis , P Loukas , A Mavropoulis , P Normand , I Karafyllidis , G Ch Sirakoulis , P Dimitrakis

Current prevailing designs of quantum random number generators (QRNGs) designs typically employ post-processing techniques to distill raw random data, followed by statistical verification with suites like NIST SP 800-22. This paper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Yi-Fan Chen , Dong Wang , Yi-Bo Zhao , Liang Cheng , Yi Zhang , Yang Zhang

The fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, such as its probabilistic nature, allow for the theoretical ability of quantum computers to generate statistically random numbers, as opposed to classical computers which are only able to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-24 Owen Root , Maria Becker

We explore here the stochastic behavior of the DECAL sensor's noise output, and we evaluate its potential application as a true random number generator (TRNG) using time series analysis. The main objectives are twofold: first, to…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-09-03 Dimos Aslanis , Alex Kehagias , Ioannis Kopsalis , Ioannis Theodonis

We present a practical high-speed quantum random number generator, where the timing of single-photon detection relative to an external time reference is measured as the raw data. The bias of the raw data can be substantially reduced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-06 You-Qi Nie , Hong-Fei Zhang , Zhen Zhang , Jian Wang , Xiongfeng Ma , Jun Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

Quantum random number generators employ the inherent randomness of quantum mechanics to generate truly unpredictable random numbers, which are essential in cryptographic applications. While a great variety of quantum random number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-18 C. Strydom , S. Soleymani , Ş. K. Özdemir , M. S. Tame

Recently there is considerable interest to realize efficient and low-cost true random number generators (RNGs) for practical applications. One important way is through the use of bistable magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). Here we study the…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-09-07 Chee Kwan Gan , Bingjin Chen , Minggang Zeng

Resistive Random Access Memories (RRAMs) are being studied by the industry and academia because it is widely accepted that they are promising candidates for the next generation of high density nonvolatile memories. Taking into account the…

We present a random number generation scheme based on measuring the phase fluctuations of a laser with a simple and compact experimental setup. A simple model is established to analyze the randomness and the simulation result based on this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-05 Jie Yang , Jinlu Liu , Qi Su , Zhengyu Li , Fan Fan , Bingjie Xu , Hong Guo

The integration of quantum communication functions often requires dedicated opto-electronic components that do not bode well with the technology roadmaps of telecom systems. We investigate the capability of commercial coherent transceiver…

We present a scheme for a self-testing quantum random number generator. Compared to the fully device-independent model, our scheme requires an extra natural assumption, namely that the mean energy per signal is bounded. The scheme is…

Due to the globalization in the semiconductor supply chain, counterfeit dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) chips/modules have been spreading worldwide at an alarming rate. Deploying counterfeit DRAM modules into an electronic system can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-29 B. M. S. Bahar Talukder , Vineetha Menon , Biswajit Ray , Tempestt Neal , Md Tauhidur Rahman

This comment recalls a previously proposed encoding scheme involving two synchronized random number generators (RNGs) to compress the transmission message. It is also claimed that the recently proposed random number modulation (RNM) scheme…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-11 Pavel Loskot

Quantum mechanics offers a fundamentally unpredictable entropy source due to the intrinsic probabilistic nature of quantum measurements, making it attractive for secure random number generation. This paper explores the practicality of…

Magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) technologies with thermally unstable nanomagnets are leveraged to develop an intrinsic stochastic neuron as a building block for restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) to form deep belief networks…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-04-01 Ramtin Zand , Kerem Y. Camsari , Supriyo Datta , Ronald F. DeMara