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Payment channel networks (PCN) enable scalable blockchain transactions without fundamentally changing the underlying distributed ledger algorithm. However, routing a payment via multiple channels in a PCN requires locking collateral for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Ben Weintraub , Cristina Nita-Rotaru , Stefanie Roos

For the enactment of inter-organizational business processes, blockchain can guarantee the enforcement of process models and the integrity of execution traces. However, existing solutions come with downsides regarding throughput…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Fabian Stiehle , Ingo Weber

Payment channel networks (PCNs) are a promising solution to the scalability problem of cryptocurrencies. Any two users connected by a payment channel in the network can theoretically send an unbounded number of instant, costless…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Zeta Avarikioti , Tomasz Lizurej , Tomasz Michalak , Michelle Yeo

Payment channel networks (PCNs) have been designed and utilized to address the scalability challenge and throughput limitation of blockchains. Routing is a core problem of PCNs. An ideal PCN routing method needs to achieve 1) high…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Xiaoxue Zhang , Shouqian Shi , Chen Qian

Payment channel networks (PCNs) such as the Lightning Network offer an appealing solution to the scalability problem faced by many cryptocurrencies operating on a blockchain such as Bitcoin. However, PCNs also inherit the stringent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Philipp Zabka , Klaus-Tycho Foerster , Stefan Schmid , Christian Decker

Payment channel networks (PCNs) are a promising solution to address blockchain scalability and throughput challenges, However, the security of PCNs and their vulnerability to attacks are not sufficiently studied. In this paper, we introduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Mohammed Ababneh , Kartick Kolachala , Roopa Vishwanathan

This paper investigates how pricing schemes can achieve efficient allocations in blockchain systems featuring multiple transaction queues under a global capacity constraint. I model a capacity-constrained blockchain where users submit…

General Economics · Economics 2025-02-26 Abdoulaye Ndiaye

Payment channel networks use off-chain transactions to provide virtually arbitrary transaction rates. In this paper, we provide a new perspective on payment channels and consider them as a flow network. We propose an extended push-relabel…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-09-27 Elias Rohrer , Jann-Frederik Laß , Florian Tschorsch

Payment channel networks (PCNs) are viewed as one of the most promising scalability solutions for cryptocurrencies today. Roughly, PCNs are networks where each node represents a user and each directed, weighted edge represents funds…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Weizhao Tang , Weina Wang , Giulia Fanti , Sewoong Oh

Blockchain and blockchain-inspired decentralized applications are on the rise thanks to their unique characteristics such as their decentralized nature, anonymity, and tamper-proof nature; however, blockchain transactions tend to experience…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yi Lyu

The Bitcoin scalability problem has led to the development of off-chain financial mechanisms such as payment channel networks (PCNs) which help users process transactions of varying amounts, including micro-payment transactions, without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Kartick Kolachala , Mohammed Ababneh , Roopa Vishwanathan

We introduce a family of PCNs (Payment Channel Networks) characterized by a semi-hierarchical topology and a custom set of channel rebalancing strategies. This family exhibits two interesting benefits, if used as a platform for large-scale,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Marco Benedetti , Francesco De Sclavis , Marco Favorito , Giuseppe Galano , Sara Giammusso , Antonio Muci , Matteo Nardelli

Cryptocurrencies redefined how money can be stored and transferred among users. However, independent of the amount being sent, public blockchain-based cryptocurrencies suffer from high transaction waiting times and fees. These drawbacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Enes Erdin , Suat Mercan , Kemal Akkaya

Payment channels networks drastically increase the throughput and hence scalability of blockchains by performing transactions \emph{off-chain}. In an off-chain payment, parties deposit coins in a channel and then perform transactions…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Yuup van Engelshoven , Stefanie Roos

Payment networks were introduced to address the limitation on the transaction throughput of popular blockchains. To open a payment channel one has to publish a transaction on-chain and pay the appropriate transaction fee. A transaction can…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Georgia Avarikioti , Rolf Scheuner , Roger Wattenhofer

Payment channel hub (PCH), by leveraging a powerful hub to reliably provide off-chain payment services, offers an effective enhancement to payment channel networks (PCNs). However, existing approaches typically rely on a single hub to relay…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Lingxiao Yang , Xuewen Dong , Wei Wang , Yong Yu , Sheng Gao , Qiang Qu , Yulong Shen

Payment channel networks (PCNs) are one of the most prominent solutions to the limited transaction throughput of blockchains. Nevertheless, PCNs suffer themselves from a throughput limitation due to the capital constraints of their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Samarth Tiwari , Michelle Yeo , Zeta Avarikioti , Iosif Salem , Krzysztof Pietrzak , Stefan Schmid

Bitcoin, Ethereum and other blockchain-based cryptocurrencies, as deployed today, cannot scale for wide-spread use. A leading approach for cryptocurrency scaling is a smart contract mechanism called a payment channel which enables two…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-04 Andrew Miller , Iddo Bentov , Ranjit Kumaresan , Christopher Cordi , Patrick McCorry

Payment channels effectively move the transaction load off-chain thereby successfully addressing the inherent scalability problem most cryptocurrencies face. A major drawback of payment channels is the need to ``top up'' funds on-chain when…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Zeta Avarikioti , Krzysztof Pietrzak , Iosif Salem , Stefan Schmid , Samarth Tiwari , Michelle Yeo

Payment channel networks like Bitcoin's Lightning network are an auspicious approach for realizing high transaction throughput and almost-instant confirmations in blockchain networks. However, the ability to successfully make payments in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Oguzhan Ersoy , Stefanie Roos , Zekeriya Erkin