Related papers: Noether's Theorems and Energy in General Relativit…
In General Relativity, there have been many proposals for defining the gravitational energy density, notably those proposed by Einstein, Tolman, Landau and Lifshitz, Papapetrou, M{\o}ller, and Weinberg. In this review, we firstly explored…
Noether's theorem is widely regarded as one of the most elegant results in theoretical physics. The article presents two simple examples that can be used to demonstrate the basic idea behind Noether's theorem, by deriving a relation between…
We study various definitions of the gravitational field energy based on the usage of isometric embeddings in the Regge-Teitelboim approach. For the embedding theory we consider the coordinate translations on the surface as well as the…
A definition of gravitational energy is proposed for any theory described by a diffeomorphism-invariant Lagrangian. The mathematical structure is a Noether- current construction of Wald involving the boundary term in the action, but here it…
The more precise definition and the more fundamental understanding of the concepts of time, energy, entropy and information are building upon the new, relativistic foundation of gravity. This lecture is an attempt to explain the basic…
Noether's theorem is reviewed with a particular focus on an intermediate step between global and local gauge and coordinate transformations, namely linear transformations. We rederive the well known result that global symmetry leads to…
The specification of energy for gravitating systems has been an unsettled issue since Einstein proposed his pseudotensor. It is now understood that energy-momentum is \emph{quasi-local} (associated with a closed 2-surface). Here we consider…
We revisit the old problem of the energy-momentum tensor in general relativistic field theories. On the basis of the general covariance we derive a simple equation for the Hilbert and Noether energy-momentum tensors for the scalar and…
Multiple methods for deriving the energy-momentum tensor for a physical theory exist in the literature. The most common methods are to use Noether's first theorem with the 4-parameter Poincar\'{e} translation, or to write the action in a…
We explore the recently introduced modified Gauss-Bonnet gravity [1], $f(\mathcal{G},T)$ pragmatic with $\mathcal{G}$, the Gauss-Bonnet term, and ${T}$, the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. Noether symmetry approach has been used to…
We review the energy concept in the case of a continuum or a system of fields. First, we analyze the emergence of a true local conservation equation for the energy of a continuous medium, taking the example of an isentropic continuum in…
In this paper, we investigate relations or differences among various conserved quantities which involve the matter Energy Momentum Tensor (EMT) in general relativity. These charges include the energy with Einstein's pseudo EMT, the…
Our topic concerns a long standing puzzle: the energy of gravitating systems. More precisely we want to consider, for gravitating systems, how to best describe energy-momentum and angular momentum/center-of-mass momentum (CoMM). It is known…
Recent research has highlighted the non-uniqueness problem of energy-momentum tensors in linearized gravity; many different tensors are published in the literature, yet for particular calculations a unique expression is required. It has…
We show that the equations of motion of generalized theories of gravity are equivalent to the thermodynamic relation $\delta Q = T \delta S$. Our proof relies on extending previous arguments by using a more general definition of the Noether…
In the literature one often finds the claim that there is no such thing as an energy-momentum tensor for the gravitational field, and consequently, that the total energy-momentum conservation can only be defined in terms of a gravitational…
A stress-energy tensor for linear gravity adapted to the harmonic gauge was recently proposed by Butcher, Hobson and Lasenby. By removing gauge constraints and imposing full metrical GR, we find a natural generalisation to the pseudotensor…
Using the Noether Charge formulation, we study a perturbation of the conserved gravitating system. By requiring the boundary term in the variation of the Hamiltonian to depend only on the symplectic structure, we propose a general…
I shall sketch the contents of Noether's 1918 article, "Invariante Variationsprobleme", in the context of the debate on the conservation of energy that had arisen from Einstein's general theory of relativity. How original was Noether's…
Emmy Noether proved two deep theorems, and their converses, on the connection between symmetries and conservation laws. Because these theorems are not in the mainstream of her scholarly work, which was the development of modern abstract…