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We review clustering as an analysis tool and the underlying concepts from an introductory perspective. What is clustering and how can clusterings be realised programmatically? How can data be represented and prepared for a clustering task?…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Jan-Oliver Felix Kapp-Joswig , Bettina G. Keller

Effective clustering of biomedical data is crucial in precision medicine, enabling accurate stratifiction of patients or samples. However, the growth in availability of high-dimensional categorical data, including `omics data, necessitates…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-03 Jackie Rao , Paul D. W. Kirk

Recent advances in big data and analytics research have provided a wealth of large data sets that are too big to be analyzed in their entirety, due to restrictions on computer memory or storage size. New Bayesian methods have been developed…

Applications · Statistics 2014-09-30 Alexey Miroshnikov , Erin Conlon

Clustering is widely used in unsupervised learning to find homogeneous groups of observations within a dataset. However, clustering mixed-type data remains a challenge, as few existing approaches are suited for this task. This study…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-26 Badih Ghattas , Alvaro Sanchez San-Benito

A mixture of multivariate Poisson-log normal factor analyzers is introduced by imposing constraints on the covariance matrix, which resulted in flexible models for clustering purposes. In particular, a class of eight parsimonious mixture…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-15 Andrea Payne , Anjali Silva , Steven J. Rothstein , Paul D. McNicholas , Sanjeena Subedi

We consider the question of Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling from a general stick-breaking Dirichlet process mixture model, with concentration parameter alpha. This paper introduces a Gibbs sampling algorithm that combines the slice…

Computation · Statistics 2014-02-21 David I. Hastie , Silvia Liverani , Sylvia Richardson

Clustering multivariate data is a pervasive task in many applied problems, particularly in social studies and life science. Model-based approaches to clustering rely on mixture models, where each mixture component corresponds to the kernel…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-22 Laura Ferrini , Federico Castelletti

The importance of variable selection for clustering has been recognized for some time, and mixture models are well-established as a statistical approach to clustering. Yet, the literature on variable selection in model-based clustering…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-13 Mackenzie R. Neal , Paul D. McNicholas

Identifying a set of homogeneous clusters in a heterogeneous dataset is one of the most important classes of problems in statistical modeling. In the realm of unsupervised partitional clustering, k-means is a very important algorithm for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-23 J. Andrew Howe

We propose the CliPS procedure when fitting Bayesian mixture models in the context of model-based clustering to identify the cluster distributions while simultaneously assessing the suitability of a cluster solution and validating the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-03 Gertraud Malsiner-Walli , Sylvia Frühwirth-Schnatter , Bettina Grün

We propose a Bayesian approach for model-based clustering of multivariate categorical data where variables are allowed to be associated within clusters and the number of clusters is unknown. The approach uses a two-layer mixture of finite…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-09 Gertraud Malsiner-Walli , Bettina Grün , Sylvia Frühwirth-Schnatter

Finite mixture models are used in statistics and other disciplines, but inference for mixture models is challenging due, in part, to the multimodality of the likelihood function and the so-called label switching problem. We propose…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-03 Umberto Simola , Jessi Cisewski-Kehe , Robert L. Wolpert

We present a Dirichlet process mixture model over discrete incomplete rankings and study two Gibbs sampling inference techniques for estimating posterior clusterings. The first approach uses a slice sampling subcomponent for estimating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-03-19 Marina Meila , Harr Chen

We propose the use of probability models for ranked data as a useful alternative to a quantitative data analysis to investigate the outcome of bioassay experiments, when the preliminary choice of an appropriate normalization method for the…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-01-08 Cristina Mollica , Luca Tardella

Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms are frequently used to perform inference under a Bayesian modeling framework. Convergence diagnostics, such as traceplots, the Gelman-Rubin potential scale reduction factor, and effective sample…

Precision medicine aims to optimize treatment by identifying patient subgroups most likely to benefit from specific interventions. To support this goal, we introduce fkbma, an R package that implements a Bayesian model averaging approach…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-18 Lara Maleyeff , Shirin Golchi , Erica E. M. Moodie

Bayesian regression remains a simple but effective tool based on Bayesian inference techniques. For large-scale applications, with complicated posterior distributions, Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods are applied. To improve the well-known…

Computation · Statistics 2020-09-28 Joris Tavernier , Jaak Simm , Adam Arany , Karl Meerbergen , Yves Moreau

Growth mixture models are an important tool for detecting group structure in repeated measures data. Unlike traditional clustering methods, they explicitly model the repeat measurements on observations, and the statistical framework they…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-20 Abby Flynt , Nema Dean

Discrete mixture models are routinely used for density estimation and clustering. While conducting inferences on the cluster-specific parameters, current frequentist and Bayesian methods often encounter problems when clusters are placed too…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-09-21 Francesca Petralia , Vinayak Rao , David B. Dunson

Determining the best partition for a dataset can be a challenging task because of 1) the lack of a priori information within an unsupervised learning framework; and 2) the absence of a unique clustering validation approach to evaluate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Isotta Landi , Veronica Mandelli , Michael V. Lombardo