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Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are off-nuclear point sources in nearby galaxies with luminosities well exceeding the Eddington limit for stellar-mass objects. It has been recognized after the discovery of pulsating ULXs (PULXs) that a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-22 M. Hakan Erkut , K. Yavuz Ekşi

It has been known for over 30 years that Galactic globular clusters (GCs) are overabundant by orders of magnitude in bright X-ray sources per unit mass relative to the disk population. Recently a quantitative understanding of this…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 John M. Fregeau

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are a class of accreting compact objects with X-ray luminosities above 10$^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$. The average number of ULXs per galaxy is still not well constrained, especially given the uncertainty on the…

Despite the 30-year history of ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) studies, issues like the majority of their physical natures (i.e., neutron stars, stellar-mass black holes, or intermediate black holes) as well as the accretion mechanisms…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-15 Chen-Hsun Ma , Kwan-Lok Li , You-Hua Chu , Albert K. H. Kong

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are enigmatic sources first discovered in the 1980s in external galaxies. They are characterized by their extraordinarily high X-ray luminosity, which often exceeds $10^{40}\, \rm{erg \; s^{-1}}$. Our…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-08 S. Conforti , L. Zampieri , R. Taverna , R. Turolla , N. Brice , F. Pintore , G. L. Israel

The origin of Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in external galaxies whose X-ray luminosities exceed those of the brightest black holes in our Galaxy by hundreds and thousands of times is mysterious. The most popular models for the ULXs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-01-27 Sergei Fabrika , Alexander Vinokurov , Kirill Atapin

Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are the most extreme members of the X-ray binary population, exhibiting X-ray luminosities that can surpass the 10^39 erg/s threshold (by orders of magnitude). They are mainly seen in external galaxies…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-02 Ciro Pinto , Dominic J. Walton

We have conducted Chandra observations of ~2560 square arcmin (~131 kpc^2) of of M31, and find that the most luminous X-ray sources in our fields are in globular clusters (GCs). Of the 28 GC X-ray sources in our fields, 17 are newly…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 R. Di Stefano , A. K. H. Kong , M. R. Garcia , P. Barmby , J. Greiner , S. S. Murray , F. A. Primini

Low-mass X-ray binaries, recycled pulsars, cataclysmic variables and magnetically active binaries are observed as X-ray sources in globular clusters. We discuss the classification of these systems, and find that some presumed active…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Frank Verbunt , Dave Pooley , Cees Bassa

We present 26 point-sources discovered with Chandra within 200" (~20kpc) of the center of the barred supergiant galaxy NGC 1365. The majority of these sources are high-mass X-ray binaries, containing a neutron star or a black hole accreting…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Iskra V. Strateva , Stefanie Komossa

The ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) were isolated in external galaxies for the last 5 years. Their X-ray luminosities exceed 100-10000 times those of brightest Milky Way black hole binaries and they are extremely variable. There are two…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 S. Fabrika , P. Abolmasov

Using Chandra observations we have identified a sample of seven off-nuclear X-ray sources, in the redshift range z=0.072-0.283, located within optically bright galaxies in the COSMOS Survey. Using the multi-wavelength coverage available in…

The features and make up of the population of X-ray sources in Galactic star clusters reflect the properties of the underlying stellar environment. Cluster age, mass, stellar encounter rate, binary frequency, metallicity, and maybe other…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-03-18 Maureen van den Berg

The discovery of fast and variable coherent signals in a handful of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) testifies to the presence of super-Eddington accreting neutron stars, and drastically changed the understanding of the ULX class. Our…

[abridged] We investigate the nature of the luminous X-ray source population detected in a (72 ks) Chandra ACIS-S observation of NGC 4038/39, the Antennae galaxies. We derive the average X-ray spectral properties of sources in different…

Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-29 A. Zezas , G. Fabbiano , A. H. Rots , S. S. Murray

We investigate the evolution of the properties of model populations of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) consisting of a black-hole accretor in a binary with a donor star. We have computed models corresponding to three different…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 N. Madhusudhan , S. Rappaport , Ph. Podsiadlowski , L. Nelson

Little is presently known about the nature of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULX). Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain their properties: intermediate-mass BHs, Kerr BHs, young SNR, or background AGN. Some of the current…

The intense, bursting X-ray source in the globular cluster NGC 1851 was one of the first cluster sources discovered, but has remained optically unidentified for 25 years. We report here on results from Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Eric W. Deutsch , Scott F. Anderson , Bruce Margon , Ronald A. Downes

We present results from a Chandra study of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in a sample of 17 nearby (D_L<60 Mpc) luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), selected to have star formation rates (SFRs) in excess of 7 M_sun yr^-1 and low…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-23 W. Luangtip , T. P. Roberts , S. Mineo , B. D. Lehmer , D. M. Alexander , F. E. Jackson , A. D. Goulding , J. L. Fischer

X-ray bursts from bright sources in globular clusters of our galaxy show that at least 11 (of a total 13) of these sources are neutron stars. One of the low-luminosity X-ray sources in omega Cen is a neutron star accreting at a low rate.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Frank Verbunt