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Action and observation delays exist prevalently in the real-world cyber-physical systems which may pose challenges in reinforcement learning design. It is particularly an arduous task when handling multi-agent systems where the delay of one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Baiming Chen , Mengdi Xu , Zuxin Liu , Liang Li , Ding Zhao

Recent advances at the intersection of reinforcement learning (RL) and visual intelligence have enabled agents that not only perceive complex visual scenes but also reason, generate, and act within them. This survey offers a critical and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Weijia Wu , Chen Gao , Joya Chen , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Qingwei Meng , Yiming Zhang , Yuke Qiu , Hong Zhou , Mike Zheng Shou

The evolution of metropolitan cities and the increase in travel demands impose stringent requirements on traffic assignment methods. Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) approaches outperform traditional methods in modeling adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Leizhen Wang , Peibo Duan , Cheng Lyu , Zewen Wang , Zhiqiang He , Nan Zheng , Zhenliang Ma

Fair workload enforcement in heterogeneous multi-agent systems that pursue shared objectives remains challenging. Fixed fairness penalties often introduce inefficiencies, training instability, and conflicting agent incentives.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Promise Ekpo , Saesha Agarwal , Felix Grimm , Lekan Molu , Angelique Taylor

Packet routing is one of the fundamental problems in computer networks in which a router determines the next-hop of each packet in the queue to get it as quickly as possible to its destination. Reinforcement learning (RL) has been…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Xinyu You , Xuanjie Li , Yuedong Xu , Hui Feng , Jin Zhao , Huaicheng Yan

When Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents are deployed in practice, they might impact their environment and change its dynamics. We propose a new framework to model this phenomenon, where the current environment depends on the deployed policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Ben Rank , Stelios Triantafyllou , Debmalya Mandal , Goran Radanovic

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has enjoyed significant recent progress thanks, in part, to the integration of deep learning techniques for modeling interactions in complex environments. This is naturally starting to benefit…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Reza Torbati , Shubham Lohiya , Shivika Singh , Meher Shashwat Nigam , Harish Ravichandar

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) finds conflict-free paths for multiple agents from their respective start to goal locations. MAPF is challenging as the joint configuration space grows exponentially with respect to the number of agents.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Lakshay Virmani , Zhongqiang Ren , Sivakumar Rathinam , Howie Choset

The real-time Railway Traffic Management Problem (rtRTMP) is a challenging optimisation problem in railway transportation. It involves the efficient management of train movements while minimising delay propagation caused by unforeseen…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Leo D'Amato , Paola Pellegrini , Vito Trianni

Traffic optimization challenges, such as load balancing, flow scheduling, and improving packet delivery time, are difficult online decision-making problems in wide area networks (WAN). Complex heuristics are needed for instance to find…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Shan Sun , Mariam Kiran , Wei Ren

In multi-robot exploration, a team of mobile robot is tasked with efficiently mapping an unknown environments. While most exploration planners assume omnidirectional sensors like LiDAR, this is impractical for small robots such as drones,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Jimmy Chiun , Shizhe Zhang , Yizhuo Wang , Yuhong Cao , Guillaume Sartoretti

Multiagent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) poses significant challenges due to the exponential growth of state and action spaces and the non-stationary nature of multiagent environments. This results in notable sample inefficiency and hinders…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Nikhilesh Prabhakar , Ranveer Singh , Harsha Kokel , Sriraam Natarajan , Prasad Tadepalli

Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) faces two major design bottlenecks: crafting dense reward functions and constructing curricula that avoid local optima in high-dimensional, non-stationary environments. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Boyuan Wu

This paper develops a novel multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) framework for reinsurance treaty bidding, addressing long-standing inefficiencies in traditional broker-mediated placement processes. We pose the core research question:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Stella C. Dong , James R. Finlay

This paper addresses the challenge of decentralized task allocation within heterogeneous multi-agent systems operating under communication constraints. We introduce a novel framework that integrates graph neural networks (GNNs) with a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Lavanya Ratnabala , Aleksey Fedoseev , Robinroy Peter , Dzmitry Tsetserukou

We study a search and tracking (S&T) problem where a team of dynamic search agents must collaborate to track an adversarial, evasive agent. The heterogeneous search team may only have access to a limited number of past adversary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Zixuan Wu , Sean Ye , Manisha Natarajan , Letian Chen , Rohan Paleja , Matthew C. Gombolay

Solving job shop scheduling problems (JSSPs) with a fixed strategy, such as a priority dispatching rule, may yield satisfactory results for several problem instances but, nevertheless, insufficient results for others. From this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Constantin Waubert de Puiseau , Hasan Tercan , Tobias Meisen

Fine-grained visual reasoning remains a core challenge for multimodal large language models (MLLMs). The recently introduced ReasonMap highlights this gap by showing that even advanced MLLMs struggle with spatial reasoning in structured and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Sicheng Feng , Kaiwen Tuo , Song Wang , Lingdong Kong , Jianke Zhu , Huan Wang

Autonomous agents' interactions with humans are increasingly focused on adapting to their changing preferences in order to improve assistance in real-world tasks. Effective agents must learn to accurately infer human goals, which are often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Andrey Risukhin , Kavel Rao , Ben Caffee , Alan Fan

Multi-agent deep learning (MADL), including multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL), distributed/federated training, and graph-structured neural networks, is becoming a unifying framework for decision-making and inference in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Nadine Muller , Stefano DeRosa , Su Zhang , Chun Lee Huan