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Initialisation of the EM algorithm in model-based clustering is often crucial. Various starting points in the parameter space often lead to different local maxima of the likelihood function and, so to different clustering partitions. Among…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-07-28 Luca Scrucca , Adrian E. Raftery

In the modal approach to clustering, clusters are defined as the local maxima of the underlying probability density function, where the latter can be estimated either non-parametrically or using finite mixture models. Thus, clusters are…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-30 Luca Scrucca

Finite Gaussian mixture models are widely used for model-based clustering of continuous data. Nevertheless, since the number of model parameters scales quadratically with the number of variables, these models can be easily…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-09-25 Michael Fop , Thomas Brendan Murphy , Luca Scrucca

A model-based approach is developed for clustering categorical data with no natural ordering. The proposed method exploits the Hamming distance to define a family of probability mass functions to model the data. The elements of this family…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-02 Raffaele Argiento , Edoardo Filippi-Mazzola , Lucia Paci

This paper deals with nonparametric estimation of conditional den-sities in mixture models in the case when additional covariates are available. The proposed approach consists of performing a prelim-inary clustering algorithm on the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-02-09 Stéphane Auray , Nicolas Klutchnikoff , Laurent Rouvière

Finite Mixture of Regressions (FMR) models are among the most widely used approaches in dealing with the heterogeneity among the observations in regression problems. One of the limitations of current approaches is their inability to…

Applications · Statistics 2018-06-25 Haidar Almohri , Arash Ali Amini , Ratna Babu Chinnam

Any clustering algorithm must synchronously learn to model the clusters and allocate data to those clusters in the absence of labels. Mixture model-based methods model clusters with pre-defined statistical distributions and allocate data to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Dumindu Tissera , Kasun Vithanage , Rukshan Wijesinghe , Alex Xavier , Sanath Jayasena , Subha Fernando , Ranga Rodrigo

In cluster analysis, it can be useful to interpret the partition built from the data in the light of external categorical variables which were not directly involved to cluster the data. An approach is proposed in the model-based clustering…

As in other estimation scenarios, likelihood based estimation in the normal mixture set-up is highly non-robust against model misspecification and presence of outliers (apart from being an ill-posed optimization problem). A robust…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-20 Soumya Chakraborty , Ayanendranath Basu , Abhik Ghosh

The $k$-means algorithm is arguably the most popular nonparametric clustering method but cannot generally be applied to datasets with incomplete records. The usual practice then is to either impute missing values under an assumed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-11 Andrew Lithio , Ranjan Maitra

The use of a finite mixture of normal distributions in model-based clustering allows to capture non-Gaussian data clusters. However, identifying the clusters from the normal components is challenging and in general either achieved by…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-06-21 Gertraud Malsiner-Walli , Sylvia Frühwirth-Schnatter , Bettina Grün

The mixture model is undoubtedly one of the greatest contributions to clustering. For continuous data, Gaussian models are often used and the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is particularly suitable for estimating parameters from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-25 Zineddine Tighidet , Lazhar Labiod , Mohamed Nadif

Clustering analysis is one of the most widely used statistical tools in many emerging areas such as microarray data analysis. For microarray and other high-dimensional data, the presence of many noise variables may mask underlying…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2008-03-26 Benhuai Xie , Wei Pan , Xiaotong Shen

A natural way to characterize the cluster structure of a dataset is by finding regions containing a high density of data. This can be done in a nonparametric way with a kernel density estimate, whose modes and hence clusters can be found…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Miguel Á. Carreira-Perpiñán

Discrete mixture models provide a well-known basis for effective clustering algorithms, although technical challenges have limited their scope. In the context of gene-expression data analysis, a model is presented that mixes over a finite…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-11-12 Michael A. Newton , Lisa M. Chung

Variable selection in cluster analysis is important yet challenging. It can be achieved by regularization methods, which realize a trade-off between the clustering accuracy and the number of selected variables by using a lasso-type penalty.…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-12-23 Marbac Matthieu , Sedki Mohammed

We present an approach to clustering time series data using a model-based generalization of the K-Means algorithm which we call K-Models. We prove the convergence of this general algorithm and relate it to the hard-EM algorithm for mixture…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-04 Derek O. Hoare , David S. Matteson , Martin T. Wells

Handling missing data is a major challenge in model-based clustering, especially when the data exhibit skewness and heavy tails. We address this by extending the finite mixture of scale mixtures of multivariate skew-normal (FMSMSN) family…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-29 Jason Pillay , Cristina Tortora , Antonio Punzo , Andriette Bekker

This paper develops a clustering method that takes advantage of the sturdiness of model-based clustering, while attempting to mitigate some of its pitfalls. First, we note that standard model-based clustering likely leads to the same number…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-09 Miguel de Carvalho , Gabriel Martos Venturini , Andrej Svetlošák

The majority of model-based clustering techniques is based on multivariate Normal models and their variants. In this paper copulas are used for the construction of flexible families of models for clustering applications. The use of copulas…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-16 Ioannis Kosmidis , Dimitris Karlis