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This paper investigates the critical problem of representation similarity evolution during cross-domain transfer learning, with particular focus on understanding why pre-trained models maintain effectiveness when adapted to medical imaging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Wenqiang Zu , Shenghao Xie , Hao Chen , Lei Ma

Supervised learning is well-known to fail at generalization under distribution shifts. In typical clinical settings, the source data is inaccessible and the target distribution is represented with a handful of samples: adaptation can only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Mathilde Bateson , Hervé Lombaert , Ismail Ben Ayed

Data samples generated by several real world processes are dynamic in nature \textit{i.e.}, their characteristics vary with time. Thus it is not possible to train and tackle all possible distributional shifts between training and inference,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Prabhu Teja Sivaprasad , François Fleuret

The goal of meta-learning is to learn to adapt to a new task with only a few labeled examples. To tackle this problem in NLP, we propose $\textit{in-context tuning}$, which recasts adaptation and prediction as a simple sequence prediction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Yanda Chen , Ruiqi Zhong , Sheng Zha , George Karypis , He He

Existing test-time scaling (TTS) methods for unified multimodal models (UMMs) in text-to-image (T2I) generation primarily rely on search or sampling strategies that produce only instance-level improvements, limiting the ability to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Lit Sin Tan , Junzhe Chen , Xiaolong Fu , Lichen Ma , Junshi Huang , Jianzhong Shi , Yan Li , Lijie Wen

Background and objective: Employing deep learning models in critical domains such as medical imaging poses challenges associated with the limited availability of training data. We present a strategy for improving the performance and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Eva Pachetti , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris , Sara Colantonio

Human mesh recovery from single images remains challenging due to inherent depth ambiguity and limited generalization across domains. While recent methods combine regression and optimization approaches, they struggle with poor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shaurjya Mandal , Nutan Sharma , John Galeotti

Relying on deep supervised or self-supervised learning, previous methods for depth completion from paired single image and sparse depth data have achieved impressive performance in recent years. However, facing a new environment where the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Yang Chen , Shanshan Zhao , Wei Ji , Mingming Gong , Liping Xie

Test-time training (TTT) enhances model performance by explicitly updating designated parameters prior to each prediction to adapt to the test data. While TTT has demonstrated considerable empirical success, its theoretical underpinnings…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-03 Kento Kuwataka , Taiji Suzuki

Recent years have witnessed an abundance of new publications and approaches on meta-learning. This community-wide enthusiasm has sparked great insights but has also created a plethora of seemingly different frameworks, which can be hard to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Wei-Lun Chao , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan , Mark Campbell , Kilian Q. Weinberger

Meta-learning has emerged as a trending technique to tackle few-shot text classification and achieved state-of-the-art performance. However, existing solutions heavily rely on the exploitation of lexical features and their distributional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-27 ChengCheng Han , Zeqiu Fan , Dongxiang Zhang , Minghui Qiu , Ming Gao , Aoying Zhou

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) enhances model robustness to out-of-distribution (OOD) data by updating the model online during inference, yet existing methods lack theoretical insights into the fundamental causes of performance degradation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xiao Chen , Zhongjing Du , Jiazhen Huang , Xu Jiang , Li Lu , Jingyan Jiang , Zhi Wang

Deep learning models are often deployed in downstream tasks that the training procedure may not be aware of. For example, models solely trained to achieve accurate predictions may struggle to perform well on downstream tasks because…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Dishank Bansal , Ricky T. Q. Chen , Mustafa Mukadam , Brandon Amos

Machine learning is at the heart of managing the real-world problems associated with massive data. With the success of neural networks on such large-scale problems, more research in machine learning is being conducted now than ever before.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Ryan O'Dowd

Test-time training adapts to a new test distribution on the fly by optimizing a model for each test input using self-supervision. In this paper, we use masked autoencoders for this one-sample learning problem. Empirically, our simple method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Yossi Gandelsman , Yu Sun , Xinlei Chen , Alexei A. Efros

Meta-learning algorithms are able to learn a new task using previously learned knowledge, but they often require a large number of meta-training tasks which may not be readily available. To address this issue, we propose a method for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Wenfang Sun , Yingjun Du , Xiantong Zhen , Fan Wang , Ling Wang , Cees G. M. Snoek

Purpose: Neural networks have received recent interest for reconstruction of undersampled MR acquisitions. Ideally network performance should be optimized by drawing the training and testing data from the same domain. In practice, however,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Salman Ul Hassan Dar , Muzaffer Özbey , Ahmet Burak Çatlı , Tolga Çukur

We build a theoretical framework for designing and understanding practical meta-learning methods that integrates sophisticated formalizations of task-similarity with the extensive literature on online convex optimization and sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Mikhail Khodak , Maria-Florina Balcan , Ameet Talwalkar

Domain shift refers to the well known problem that a model trained in one source domain performs poorly when applied to a target domain with different statistics. {Domain Generalization} (DG) techniques attempt to alleviate this issue by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-11 Da Li , Yongxin Yang , Yi-Zhe Song , Timothy M. Hospedales

Machine learning systems must adapt to data distributions that evolve over time, in applications ranging from sensor networks and self-driving car perception modules to brain-machine interfaces. We consider gradual domain adaptation, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Ananya Kumar , Tengyu Ma , Percy Liang