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A detailed description of the asymptotic behaviour in the Belinski-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz (BKL) scenario is presented through a simple geometric picture illustrating the geometry of their ordinary differential equations (ODE), which describe…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-01-14 Piotr P. Goldstein

We quantize the solution to the Belinski-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz (BKL) scenario using the integral quantization method. Quantization smears the gravitational singularity avoiding its localization in the configuration space. The latter is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-01 Andrzej Góźdź , Aleksandra Pȩdrak , Włodzimierz Piechocki

The well-known Bielinski-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz (BKL) scenario for the universe near the cosmological singularity is supplemented with a few exact results following from the BKL asymptotic of the Einstein equations: (1) The cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-22 Piotr P. Goldstein

We present the quantum model of the asymptotic dynamics underlying the Belinski-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz (BKL) scenario. The symmetry of the physical phase space enables making use of the affine coherent states quantization. Our results show…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-20 Andrzej Góźdź , Włodzimierz Piechocki , Grzegorz Plewa

Recent progress in understanding the structure of cosmological singularities is reviewed. The well-known picture due to Belinskii, Khalatnikov and Lifschitz (BKL) is summarized briefly and it is discussed what existing analytical and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Alan D. Rendall

We consider the six-dimensional dynamical system in three components introduced by Ryan to describe the scenario of Belinskii, Khalatnikov and Lifshitz to the cosmological singularity when the spatial metric tensor is not diagonal. Despite…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-31 Robert Conte

A discussion of inhomogeneity is indispensable to understand quantum cosmology, even if one uses the dynamics of homogeneous geometries as a first approximation. While a full quantization of inhomogeneous gravity is not available, a broad…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-01-23 Martin Bojowald

We study the phenomenon of bounces, as predicted by Belinski, Khalatnikov and Lifshitz (BKL), as an instability mechanism within the setting of the Einstein vacuum equations in Gowdy symmetry. In particular, for a wide class of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-23 Warren Li

Quantum Belinski-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz scenario presents an unitary evolution of the system. However, the affine coherent states quantization applied to the quantization of the underlying classical scenario depends on the choice of the group…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-03-18 Andrzej Góźdź , Włodzimierz Piechocki

The Belinski-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz scenario concerns the existence of generic singularity of general relativity. At the singularity, there is a breakdown of all known laws of physics. Quantization of this scenario leads, however, to regular…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-20 Włodzimierz Piechocki

We study the nature of a family of curvature singularities which are precisely the timelike cousins of the spacelike singularities studied by Belinski, Khalatnikov, and Lifshitz (BKL). We show that the approach to the singularity can be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-05-25 Edgar Shaghoulian , Huajia Wang

The Belinskii, Khalatnikov and Lifshitz conjecture \cite{bkl1} posits that on approach to a space-like singularity in general relativity the dynamics are well approximated by `ignoring spatial derivatives in favor of time derivatives.' In…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-10 Abhay Ashtekar , Adam Henderson , David Sloan

We study the phenomenon of bounces, as predicted by Belinski, Khalatnikov and Lifshitz (BKL) in the study of singularities arising from Einstein's equations, as an instability mechanism within the setting of the (inhomogeneous)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-23 Warren Li

The Belinski-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz (BKL) conjecture predicts a chaotic alternation of Kasner epochs in the evolution of generic classical spacetimes towards a spacelike singularity. As a first step towards understanding the full quantum BKL…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-28 Ana Alonso-Serrano , David Brizuela , Sara F. Uria

The dynamics of the general Bianchi IX spacetime, near the gravitational singularity, underlies the Belinskii, Khalatnikov and Lifshitz scenario. Asymptotically, near the singularity, the oscillations of the directional scale factors…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-05-12 Andrzej Góźdź , Włodzimierz Piechocki , Grzegorz Plewa

According to the Belinskii-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz scenario, a collapsing universe approaching a spacelike singularity can be approximated by homogeneous cosmological dynamics, but only if asymptotically small spatial regions are considered.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-16 Martin Bojowald

We demonstrate that the Carroll limit of general relativity coupled to matter captures the chaotic mixmaster dynamics of near-singularity limits. Zooming in on the behavior of general relativity close to spacelike singularities reveals rich…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-03-05 Gerben Oling , Juan F. Pedraza

Some time ago, it was found that the never-ending oscillatory chaotic behaviour discovered by Belinsky, Khalatnikov and Lifshitz (BKL) for the generic solution of the vacuum Einstein equations in the vicinity of a spacelike ("cosmological")…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 Thibault Damour , Marc Henneaux , Bernard Julia , Hermann Nicolai

According to Belinskii, Khalatnikov and Lifshitz (BKL), a generic spacelike singularity is characterized by asymptotic locality: Asymptotically, toward the singularity, each spatial point evolves independently from its neighbors, in an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-05 J. Mark Heinzle , Claes Uggla , Woei Chet Lim

The BKL conjecture, stated in the 60s and early 70s by Belinski, Khalatnikov and Lifshitz, proposes a detailed description of the generic asymptotic dynamics of spacetimes as they approach a spacelike singularity. It predicts complicated…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-11 Paul Klinger
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