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The laser-interferometer space antenna (LISA) will be launched in the mid 2030s. It promises to observe the coalescence of massive black-hole (BH) binaries with signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) reaching thousands. Crucially, it will detect…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-20 Alexandre Toubiana , Lorenzo Pompili , Alessandra Buonanno , Jonathan R. Gair , Michael L. Katz

The observed binary black hole (BBH) mergers indicate a large Galactic progenitor population continuously evolving from large orbital separations and low gravitational wave (GW) frequencies to the final merger phase. We investigate the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-04-19 Xiao Fang , Todd A. Thompson , Christopher M. Hirata

An expected source of gravitational waves for future detectors in space are the inspirals of small compact objects into much more massive black holes. These sources have the potential to provide a wealth of information about astronomy and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-03 Jonathan R Gair , Nicolas Yunes , Carl M Bender

We describe and study an instantaneous definition of eccentricity to be applied at the initial moment of full numerical simulations of binary black holes. The method consists of evaluating the eccentricity at the moment of maximum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-30 Alessandro Ciarfella , James Healy , Carlos O. Lousto , Hiroyuki Nakano

Wide, highly eccentric ($e>0.9$) compact binaries can naturally arise as progenitors of gravitational wave (GW) mergers. These systems are expected to have a significant population in the mHz band (e.g., $\sim 3-45$ detectable stellar-mass…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-28 Zeyuan Xuan , Smadar Naoz , Alvin K. Y. Li , Bence Kocsis , Erik Petigura , Alan M. Knee , Jess McIver , Kyle Kremer , Will M. Farr

As gravitational wave astronomy has entered an era of routine detections, it becomes increasingly important to precisely measure the physical parameters of individual events and infer population properties. Eccentricity is a key observable,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-10 Yi-Fan Wang , Alexander H. Nitz

The mergers of massive black hole binaries could generate rich electromagnetic emissions, which allow us to probe the environments surrounding these massive black holes and gain deeper insights into the high energy astrophysics. However,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-25 Yuxiang Xu , He Wang , Minghui Du , Bo Liang , Peng Xu

We assess the possibility of detecting both eccentricity and gas effects (migration and accretion) in the gravitational wave (GW) signal from LISA massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) at redshift $z=1$. Gas induces a phase correction to the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-01-16 Mudit Garg , Andrea Derdzinski , Shubhanshu Tiwari , Jonathan Gair , Lucio Mayer

We explicitly demonstrate that current numerical relativity techniques are able to accurately evolve black hole binaries with mass ratios of the order of 1000:1. This proof of principle is relevant for future third generation (3G)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-19 Carlos O. Lousto , James Healy

Dipole-radiation-like deviations from general relativity are most prominent during the early inspiral of compact binaries, making space-ground multiband observations a potential probe of such effects. In the same regime, orbital…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-01 Han Wang , Lijing Shao

The orbital eccentricity of a merging binary black hole leaves an imprint on the associated gravitational-wave signal that can reveal whether the binary formed in isolation or in a dynamical environment, such as the core of a dense star…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-11-17 Isobel M. Romero-Shaw , Paul D. Lasky , Eric Thrane

Initial orbital eccentricities of gravitational wave (GW) events associated with merging binary black holes (BBHs) should provide clues to their formation scenarios, mainly because various BBH formation channels predict distinct…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-16 Elahe Khalouei , Cristiano G. Sabiu , Hyung Mok Lee , A. Gopakumar

Binary black holes (BBHs) in eccentric orbits produce distinct modulations in gravitational waves (GWs); measuring orbital eccentricity provides evidence for dynamical binary formation channels. We analyze 57 GW events from the…

The recent discovery of the stochastic gravitational-wave background via pulsar timing arrays will likely be followed by the detection of individual black hole binaries that stand out above the background. However, to confidently claim the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-26 Bence Bécsy , Neil J. Cornish , Polina Petrov , Xavier Siemens , Stephen R. Taylor , Sarah J. Vigeland , Caitlin A. Witt

In calculations of the inspiral of binary black holes an intermediate approximation is needed that can bridge the post-Newtonian methods of the early inspiral and the numerical relativity computations of the final plunge. We describe here…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Benjamin Bromley , Robert Owen , Richard H. Price

In dense stellar regions, highly eccentric binaries of black holes and neutron stars can form through various n-body interactions. Such a binary could emit a significant fraction of its binding energy in a sequence of largely isolated…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-19 Kai Sheng Tai , Sean T. McWilliams , Frans Pretorius

The spin-induced quadrupole moment-based test of black hole nature is routinely used to probe the true nature of detected binary signals, assuming a circular orbit. We extend the applicability of the method to binaries in eccentric orbits.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-24 N. V. Krishnendu

LISA will be able to detect gravitational waves from inspiralling massive black hole (MBH) binaries out to redshifts z > 10. If the binary masses and luminosity distances can be extracted from the LISA data stream, this information can be…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 J. Baker , J. Centrella

Inspiralling compact binaries are expected to circularize before their gravitational-wave signals reach the sensitive frequency band of ground-based detectors. Current searches for gravitational waves from compact binaries using the LIGO…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 Duncan A. Brown , Peter J. Zimmerman

Up to hundreds of black hole binaries individually resolvable by eLISA will coalesce in the Advanced LIGO/Virgo band within ten years, allowing for multi-band gravitational wave observations. Binaries formed via dynamical interactions in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-09-14 Atsushi Nishizawa , Emanuele Berti , Antoine Klein , Alberto Sesana