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This paper introduces WaveGrad 2, a non-autoregressive generative model for text-to-speech synthesis. WaveGrad 2 is trained to estimate the gradient of the log conditional density of the waveform given a phoneme sequence. The model takes an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-22 Nanxin Chen , Yu Zhang , Heiga Zen , Ron J. Weiss , Mohammad Norouzi , Najim Dehak , William Chan

Modern language models mostly take sub-words as input, a design that balances the trade-off between vocabulary size, number of parameters, and performance. However, sub-word tokenization still has disadvantages like not being robust to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Chu-Tak Lee , Qipeng Guo , Xipeng Qiu

Modern Arabic ASR systems such as wav2vec 2.0 excel at word- and sentence-level transcription, yet struggle to classify isolated letters. In this study, we show that this phoneme-level task, crucial for language learning, speech therapy,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Hadi Zaatiti , Hatem Hajri , Osama Abdullah , Nader Masmoudi

Word vector representations enable machines to encode human language for spoken language understanding and processing. Confusion2vec, motivated from human speech production and perception, is a word vector representation which encodes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Prashanth Gurunath Shivakumar , Panayiotis Georgiou , Shrikanth Narayanan

Although large-scale self-supervised learning (SSL) models like WavLM have achieved state-of-the-art performance in speech processing, their significant size impedes deployment on resource-constrained devices. While structured pruning is a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Junyi Peng , Lin Zhang , Jiangyu Han , Oldřich Plchot , Johan Rohdin , Themos Stafylakis , Shuai Wang , Jan Černocký

Pre-trained Transformer-based models have achieved state-of-the-art performance for various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, these models often have billions of parameters, and, thus, are too resource-hungry and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Prakhar Ganesh , Yao Chen , Xin Lou , Mohammad Ali Khan , Yin Yang , Hassan Sajjad , Preslav Nakov , Deming Chen , Marianne Winslett

Self-supervised speech representation learning methods like wav2vec 2.0 and Hidden-unit BERT (HuBERT) leverage unlabeled speech data for pre-training and offer good representations for numerous speech processing tasks. Despite the success…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Heng-Jui Chang , Shu-wen Yang , Hung-yi Lee

While many speakers of low-resource languages regularly code-switch between their languages and other regional languages or English, datasets of codeswitched speech are too small to train bespoke acoustic models from scratch or do language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Tolúlopé Ògúnrèmí , Christopher D. Manning , Dan Jurafsky

In this paper, we present how to hybridize a Word2vec model and an attention-based end-to-end speech recognition model. We build a phoneme recognition system based on Listen, Attend and Spell model. And the phoneme recognition model uses a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Xin Feng , Lei Wang

Word2vec is a powerful machine learning tool that emerged from Natural Lan-guage Processing (NLP) and is now applied in multiple domains, including recom-mender systems, forecasting, and network analysis. As Word2vec is often used offthe…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-09-28 Benjamin P. Chamberlain , Emanuele Rossi , Dan Shiebler , Suvash Sedhain , Michael M. Bronstein

We introduce Wav2Seq, the first self-supervised approach to pre-train both parts of encoder-decoder models for speech data. We induce a pseudo language as a compact discrete representation, and formulate a self-supervised pseudo speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Felix Wu , Kwangyoun Kim , Shinji Watanabe , Kyu Han , Ryan McDonald , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Yoav Artzi

The internal structure and operation mechanism of large-scale language models are analyzed theoretically, especially how Transformer and its derivative architectures can restrict computing efficiency while capturing long-term dependencies.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Taiyuan Mei , Yun Zi , Xiaohan Cheng , Zijun Gao , Qi Wang , Haowei Yang

We study multi-task learning for two orthogonal speech technology tasks: speech and speaker recognition. We use wav2vec2 as a base architecture with two task-specific output heads. We experiment with different architectural decisions to mix…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Nik Vaessen , David A. van Leeuwen

Traditional parametric coding of speech facilitates low rate but provides poor reconstruction quality because of the inadequacy of the model used. We describe how a WaveNet generative speech model can be used to generate high quality speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2017-12-05 W. Bastiaan Kleijn , Felicia S. C. Lim , Alejandro Luebs , Jan Skoglund , Florian Stimberg , Quan Wang , Thomas C. Walters

Text-to-Video (T2V) generation has attracted significant attention for its ability to synthesize realistic videos from textual descriptions. However, existing models struggle to balance computational efficiency and high visual quality,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Takashi Isobe , He Cui , Dong Zhou , Mengmeng Ge , Dong Li , Emad Barsoum

Automatic detection and severity level classification of dysarthria directly from acoustic speech signals can be used as a tool in medical diagnosis. In this work, the pre-trained wav2vec 2.0 model is studied as a feature extractor to build…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-18 Farhad Javanmardi , Saska Tirronen , Manila Kodali , Sudarsana Reddy Kadiri , Paavo Alku

This study evaluates the performance of three advanced speech encoder models, Wav2Vec 2.0, XLS-R, and Whisper, in speaker identification tasks. By fine-tuning these models and analyzing their layer-wise representations using SVCCA, k-means…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Linus Stuhlmann , Michael Alexander Saxer

Collecting speech data is an important step in training speech recognition systems and other speech-based machine learning models. However, the issue of privacy protection is an increasing concern that must be addressed. The current study…

Deep neural network approaches to speaker verification have proven successful, but typical computational requirements of State-Of-The-Art (SOTA) systems make them unsuited for embedded applications. In this work, we present a two-stage…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Julien Balian , Raffaele Tavarone , Mathieu Poumeyrol , Alice Coucke

The automated classification of stuttered speech has significant implications for timely assessments providing assistance to speech language pathologists. Despite notable advancements in the field, the cases in which multiple disfluencies…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Huma Ameer , Seemab Latif , Mehwish Fatima