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We introduce a principled generative framework for graph signals that enables explicit control of feature heterophily, a key property underlying the effectiveness of graph learning methods. Our model combines a Lipschitz graphon-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-30 Haoyu Wang , Renyuan Ma , Gonzalo Mateos , Luana Ruiz

A soft random graph $G(n,r,p)$ can be obtained from the random geometric graph $G(n,r)$ by keeping every edge in $G(n,r)$ with probability $p$. The soft random simplicial complexes is a model for random simplicial complexes built over the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-15 Julián David Candela

As a natural generalization of line graphs, Hoffman line graphs were defined by Woo and Neumaier. Especially, Hoffman line graphs are closely related to the smallest eigenvalue of graphs, and the uniqueness of strict covers of a Hoffman…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-20 Michitaka Furuya , Sho Kubota , Tetsuji Taniguchi , Kiyoto Yoshino

Given a finite simple graph G, let G' be its barycentric refinement: it is the graph in which the vertices are the complete subgraphs of G and in which two such subgraphs are connected, if one is contained into the other. If L(0)=0<L(1) <=…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-08-11 Oliver Knill

For a fixed graph $H$ and for arbitrarily large host graphs $G$, the number of homomorphisms from $H$ to $G$ and the number of subgraphs isomorphic to $H$ contained in $G$ have been extensively studied in extremal graph theory and graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-05 Chun-Hung Liu

Inhomogeneous Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graphs $\mathbb G_N$ on $N$ vertices in the non-dense regime are considered in this paper. The edge between the pair of vertices $\{i,j\}$ is retained with probability…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-10-16 Arijit Chakrabarty , Rajat Subhra Hazra , Frank den Hollander , Matteo Sfragara

In this note, we show how to obtain a "characteristic power series" of graphons -- infinite limits of dense graphs -- as the limit of normalized reciprocal characteristic polynomials. This leads to a new characterization of graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-20 Joshua N. Cooper

We present a new approach, based on graphon theory, to finding the limiting spectral distributions of general Wigner-type matrices. This approach determines the moments of the limiting measures and the equations of their Stieltjes…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-08-11 Yizhe Zhu

We introduce probability-graphons which are probability kernels that generalize graphons to the case of weighted graphs. Probability-graphons appear as the limit objects to study sequences of large weighted graphs whose distribution of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Romain Abraham , Jean-François Delmas , Julien Weibel

Our main results are quantitative bounds in the multivariate normal approximation of centred subgraph counts in random graphs generated by a general graphon and independent vertex labels. We are interested in these statistics because they…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-06-17 Gursharn Kaur , Adrian Röllin

We develop a theory of ultrametric graphons as limiting objects for random networks with nested hierarchical community structure. A graphon $W:[0,1]^2\to[0,1]$ is called ultrametric if $W(x,y)=w(d(x,y))$, where $d$ is an ultrametric on…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Ángel Alfredo Morán Ledezma

The theory of graphons is an important tool in understanding properties of large networks. We investigate a power-law random graph model and cast it in the graphon framework. The distinctively different structures of the limit graph are…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-08-22 Mei Yin

We define a class of continuous graded graphs similar to the graph of Gelfand--Tsetlin patterns, and describe the set of all ergodic central measures of discrete type on the path spaces of such graphs. The main observation is that an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-26 A. Vershik , F. Petrov

Consider a random graph process where vertices are chosen from the interval $[0,1]$, and edges are chosen independently at random, but so that, for a given vertex $x$, the probability that there is an edge to a vertex $y$ decreases as the…

Consider the geometric graph on $n$ independent uniform random points in a connected compact region $A$ of ${\bf R}^d, d \geq 2$, with $C^2$ boundary, or in the unit square, with distance parameter $r_n$. Let $K_n$ be the number of…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-09 Mathew D. Penrose , Xiaochuan Yang

Let $G$ be an $n$-vertex graph with adjacency matrix $A$, and $W=[e,Ae,\ldots,A^{n-1}e]$ be the walk matrix of $G$, where $e$ is the all-one vector. In Wang [J. Combin. Theory, Ser. B, 122 (2017): 438-451], the author showed that any graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-10 Wei Wang , Wei Wang , Tao Yu

We consider a system of $N$ particles whose interactions are characterized by a (weighted) graph $G^N$. Each particle is a node of the graph with an internal state. The state changes according to Markovian dynamics that depend on the states…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-05-15 Sebastian Allmeier , Nicolas Gast

Graphons are infinite-dimensional objects that represent the limit of convergent sequences of graphs as their number of nodes goes to infinity. This paper derives a theory of graphon signal processing centered on the notions of graphon…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-18 Luana Ruiz , Luiz F. O. Chamon , Alejandro Ribeiro

We present a new notion of limits of weighted directed graphs of growing size based on convergence of their random quotients. These limits are specified in terms of random exchangeable measures on the unit square. We call our limits…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Eitan Levin , Venkat Chandrasekaran

We introduce and develop a theory of limits for sequences of sparse graphs based on $L^p$ graphons, which generalizes both the existing $L^\infty$ theory of dense graph limits and its extension by Bollob\'as and Riordan to sparse graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-19 Christian Borgs , Jennifer T. Chayes , Henry Cohn , Yufei Zhao