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The Transformer architecture has proven to be highly effective for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) tasks, becoming a foundational component for a plethora of research in the domain. Historically, many approaches have leaned on…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Sizhou Chen , Songyang Gao , Sen Fang

Transformers excel across a large variety of tasks but remain susceptible to corrupted inputs, since standard self-attention treats all query-key interactions uniformly. Inspired by lateral inhibition in biological neural circuits and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Elpiniki Maria Lygizou , Mónika Farsang , Radu Grosu

Recently, a series of works in computer vision have shown promising results on various image and video understanding tasks using self-attention. However, due to the quadratic computational and memory complexities of self-attention, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Zhuoran Shen , Irwan Bello , Raviteja Vemulapalli , Xuhui Jia , Ching-Hui Chen

In this paper, we tackle the high computational overhead of Transformers for efficient image super-resolution~(SR). Motivated by the observations of self-attention's inter-layer repetition, we introduce a convolutionized self-attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Dongheon Lee , Seokju Yun , Youngmin Ro

Scaling language models to handle longer input sequences typically necessitates large key-value (KV) caches, resulting in substantial memory overhead during inference. In this paper, we propose Tensor Product Attention (TPA), a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yifan Zhang , Yifeng Liu , Huizhuo Yuan , Zhen Qin , Yang Yuan , Quanquan Gu , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

Accommodating long sequences efficiently in autoregressive Transformers, especially within an extended context window, poses significant challenges due to the quadratic computational complexity and substantial KV memory requirements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Chao Lou , Zixia Jia , Zilong Zheng , Kewei Tu

The quadratic complexity of self-attention in Transformer models remains a significant bottleneck for processing long sequences and deploying large language models efficiently. For this approach, there has been significant research into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Spandan Pratyush

Efficient long-sequence generation is a critical challenge for Large Language Models. While recent sparse decoding methods improve efficiency, they suffer from KV cache misalignment, where approximation errors accumulate and degrade…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yutao Sun , Tianzhu Ye , Li Dong , Yuqing Xia , Jian Chen , Yizhao Gao , Shijie Cao , Jianyong Wang , Furu Wei

Autoregressive (AR) Transformer-based sequence models are known to have difficulty generalizing to sequences longer than those seen during training. When applied to text-to-speech (TTS), these models tend to drop or repeat words or produce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Eric Battenberg , RJ Skerry-Ryan , Daisy Stanton , Soroosh Mariooryad , Matt Shannon , Julian Salazar , David Kao

Recently, Transformer has gained success in automatic speech recognition (ASR) field. However, it is challenging to deploy a Transformer-based end-to-end (E2E) model for online speech recognition. In this paper, we propose the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-12 Haoran Miao , Gaofeng Cheng , Changfeng Gao , Pengyuan Zhang , Yonghong Yan

Transformers have demonstrated a competitive performance across a wide range of vision tasks, while it is very expensive to compute the global self-attention. Many methods limit the range of attention within a local window to reduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Zhenzhe Hechen , Wei Huang , Yixin Zhao

Scaling Transformers to ultra-long contexts is bottlenecked by the $O(n^2 d)$ cost of self-attention. Existing methods reduce this cost along the sequence axis through local windows, kernel approximations, or token-level sparsity, but these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yan Xie , Tiansheng Wen , Tangda Huang , Bo Chen , Chenyu You , Stefanie Jegelka , Yifei Wang

Self-attention in transformer models is an incremental associative memory that maps key vectors to value vectors. One way to speed up self-attention is to employ GPU-compatible vector search algorithms based on standard partitioning methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Pierre-Emmanuel Mazaré , Gergely Szilvasy , Maria Lomeli , Francisco Massa , Naila Murray , Hervé Jégou , Matthijs Douze

Self-attention is powerful in modeling long-range dependencies, but it is weak in local finer-level feature learning. The performance of local self-attention (LSA) is just on par with convolution and inferior to dynamic filters, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Jingkai Zhou , Pichao Wang , Fan Wang , Qiong Liu , Hao Li , Rong Jin

Attention mechanism has been widely utilized in speech enhancement (SE) because theoretically it can effectively model the long-term inherent connection of signal both in time domain and spectrum domain. However, the generally used global…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Zhongshu Hou , Qinwen Hu , Kai Chen , Jing Lu

Programming-based Pre-trained Language Models (PPLMs) such as CodeBERT have achieved great success in many downstream code-related tasks. Since the memory and computational complexity of self-attention in the Transformer grow quadratically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Tingting Liu , Chengyu Wang , Cen Chen , Ming Gao , Aoying Zhou

Transformers are state-of-the-art models for a variety of sequence modeling tasks. At their core is an attention function which models pairwise interactions between the inputs at every timestep. While attention is powerful, it does not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Hao Peng , Nikolaos Pappas , Dani Yogatama , Roy Schwartz , Noah A. Smith , Lingpeng Kong

End-to-end speech recognition has become popular in recent years, since it can integrate the acoustic, pronunciation and language models into a single neural network. Among end-to-end approaches, attention-based methods have emerged as…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Zhifu Gao , Shiliang Zhang , Ming Lei , Ian McLoughlin

Self-attention networks (SAN) have been introduced into automatic speech recognition (ASR) and achieved state-of-the-art performance owing to its superior ability in capturing long term dependency. One of the key ingredients is the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-30 Zhao You , Dan Su , Jie Chen , Chao Weng , Dong Yu

The Transformer architecture model, based on self-attention and multi-head attention, has achieved remarkable success in offline end-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). However, self-attention and multi-head attention cannot be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Chendong Zhao , Jianzong Wang , Wen qi Wei , Xiaoyang Qu , Haoqian Wang , Jing Xiao