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Neural networks have demonstrated success in various domains, yet their performance can be significantly degraded by even a small input perturbation. Consequently, the construction of such perturbations, known as adversarial attacks, has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Junjie Yang , Tianlong Chen , Xuxi Chen , Zhangyang Wang , Yingbin Liang

Adversarial training is a cornerstone of robust deep learning, but fast methods like the Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) often suffer from Catastrophic Overfitting (CO), where models become robust to single-step attacks but fail against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Fares B. Mehouachi , Saif Eddin Jabari

Generating adversarial examples at scale is a core primitive for robustness evaluation, adversarial training, and red-teaming, yet even "fast" attacks such as FGSM remain throughput-limited by the cost of a backward pass. We introduce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kamil Ciosek , Aleksandr V. Petrov , Nicolò Felicioni , Konstantina Palla

In many real-world applications of Machine Learning it is of paramount importance not only to provide accurate predictions, but also to ensure certain levels of robustness. Adversarial Training is a training procedure aiming at providing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Matteo Terzi , Gian Antonio Susto , Pratik Chaudhari

Despite the remarkable success achieved by deep learning algorithms in various domains, such as computer vision, they remain vulnerable to adversarial perturbations. Adversarial Training (AT) stands out as one of the most effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Mahdi Salmani , Alireza Dehghanpour Farashah , Mohammad Azizmalayeri , Mahdi Amiri , Navid Eslami , Mohammad Taghi Manzuri , Mohammad Hossein Rohban

Classical optimisation theory guarantees monotonic objective decrease for gradient descent (GD) when employed in a small step size, or ``stable", regime. In contrast, gradient descent on neural networks is frequently performed in a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Lachlan Ewen MacDonald , Hancheng Min , Leandro Palma , Salma Tarmoun , Ziqing Xu , René Vidal

Adversarial attacks, particularly the Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) and Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) pose significant threats to the robustness of deep learning models in image classification. This paper explores and refines defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Hetvi Waghela , Jaydip Sen , Sneha Rakshit

Recent work on adversarial attack and defense suggests that PGD is a universal $l_\infty$ first-order attack, and PGD adversarial training can significantly improve network robustness against a wide range of first-order $l_\infty$-bounded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-22 Tianhang Zheng , Changyou Chen , Kui Ren

Learning adversarial examples can be formulated as an optimization problem of maximizing the loss function with some box-constraints. However, for solving this induced optimization problem, the state-of-the-art gradient-based methods such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Wei Tao , Lei Bao , Sheng Long , Gaowei Wu , Qing Tao

Neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks: adding well-crafted, imperceptible perturbations to their input can modify their output. Adversarial training is one of the most effective approaches to training robust models against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Hadi M. Dolatabadi , Sarah Erfani , Christopher Leckie

Applying Differentially Private Stochastic Gradient Descent (DPSGD) to training modern, large-scale neural networks such as transformer-based models is a challenging task, as the magnitude of noise added to the gradients at each iteration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Ryuichi Ito , Seng Pei Liew , Tsubasa Takahashi , Yuya Sasaki , Makoto Onizuka

Generating adversarial examples (AEs) can be formulated as an optimization problem. Among various optimization-based attacks, the gradient-based PGD and the momentum-based MI-FGSM have garnered considerable interest. However, all these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Wei Tao , Sheng Long , Xin Liu , Wei Li , Qing Tao

Fast adversarial training (FAT) is beneficial for improving the adversarial robustness of neural networks. However, previous FAT work has encountered a significant issue known as catastrophic overfitting when dealing with large perturbation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Mengnan Zhao , Lihe Zhang , Yuqiu Kong , Baocai Yin

Deep neural networks suffer from catastrophic forgetting when learning multiple knowledge sequentially, and a growing number of approaches have been proposed to mitigate this problem. Some of these methods achieved considerable performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Zhongzhan Huang , Mingfu Liang , Senwei Liang , Wei He

Many modern learning tasks involve fitting nonlinear models to data which are trained in an overparameterized regime where the parameters of the model exceed the size of the training dataset. Due to this overparameterization, the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Samet Oymak , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi

Although fast adversarial training provides an efficient approach for building robust networks, it may suffer from a serious problem known as catastrophic overfitting (CO), where multi-step robust accuracy suddenly collapses to zero. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Zhengbao He , Tao Li , Sizhe Chen , Xiaolin Huang

State-of-the-art adversarial attacks on neural networks use expensive iterative methods and numerous random restarts from different initial points. Iterative FGSM-based methods without restarts trade off performance for computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Ping-Yeh Chiang , Jonas Geiping , Micah Goldblum , Tom Goldstein , Renkun Ni , Steven Reich , Ali Shafahi

Fast adversarial training (FAT) is an efficient method to improve robustness. However, the original FAT suffers from catastrophic overfitting, which dramatically and suddenly reduces robustness after a few training epochs. Although various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Xiaojun Jia , Yong Zhang , Xingxing Wei , Baoyuan Wu , Ke Ma , Jue Wang , Xiaochun Cao

Adversarial training has gained great popularity as one of the most effective defenses for deep neural network and more generally for gradient-based machine learning models against adversarial perturbations on data points. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Haotian Gu , Xin Guo , Xinyu Li

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) has proven to be remarkably effective in optimizing deep neural networks that employ ever-larger numbers of parameters. Yet, improving the efficiency of large-scale optimization remains a vital and highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Frithjof Gressmann , Zach Eaton-Rosen , Carlo Luschi