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Recent work on interpretability in machine learning and AI has focused on the building of simplified models that approximate the true criteria used to make decisions. These models are a useful pedagogical device for teaching trained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Brent Mittelstadt , Chris Russell , Sandra Wachter

Surging interest in deep learning from high-stakes domains has precipitated concern over the inscrutable nature of black box neural networks. Explainable AI (XAI) research has led to an abundance of explanation algorithms for these black…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zachariah Carmichael , Walter J. Scheirer

The development of machine learning applications has increased significantly in recent years, motivated by the remarkable ability of learning-powered systems to discover and generalize intricate patterns hidden in massive datasets. Modern…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Evandro S. Ortigossa , Fábio F. Dias , Brian Barr , Claudio T. Silva , Luis Gustavo Nonato

Recent years have seen important advances in the quality of state-of-the-art models, but this has come at the expense of models becoming less interpretable. This survey presents an overview of the current state of Explainable AI (XAI),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Marina Danilevsky , Kun Qian , Ranit Aharonov , Yannis Katsis , Ban Kawas , Prithviraj Sen

When quantitative models are used to support decision-making on complex and important topics, understanding a model's ``reasoning'' can increase trust in its predictions, expose hidden biases, or reduce vulnerability to adversarial attacks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Dimitris Bertsimas , Arthur Delarue , Patrick Jaillet , Sebastien Martin

Explaining how to get from A to B can be challenging. It requires mentally simulating what the listener will do based on what they are told. To capture this process, we propose a computational model that converts utterances into action…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hanqi Zhou , Britt Besch , Charley M. Wu , Tobias Gerstenberg

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of domains such as security, finance, healthcare, medicine, and criminal justice. Explaining the decisions of AI systems in human terms is a key challenge--due to the high complexity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Sheikh Rabiul Islam , William Eberle , Sheikh K. Ghafoor

The ability to interpret machine learning models has become increasingly important now that machine learning is used to inform consequential decisions. We propose an approach called model extraction for interpreting complex, blackbox…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Osbert Bastani , Carolyn Kim , Hamsa Bastani

Explanations have gained an increasing level of interest in the AI and Machine Learning (ML) communities in order to improve model transparency and allow users to form a mental model of a trained ML model. However, explanations can go…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Stefano Teso , Öznur Alkan , Wolfang Stammer , Elizabeth Daly

There is a growing interest within the AI research community to develop autonomous systems capable of explaining their behavior to users. One aspect of the explanation generation problem that has yet to receive much attention is the task of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-21 Sarath Sreedharan , Siddharth Srivastava , Subbarao Kambhampati

Explainable Artificial Intelligence has gained significant attention due to the widespread use of complex deep learning models in high-stake domains such as medicine, finance, and autonomous cars. However, different explanations often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Weronika Hryniewska-Guzik , Luca Longo , Przemysław Biecek

Explainability is one of the key ethical concepts in the design of AI systems. However, attempts to operationalize this concept thus far have tended to focus on approaches such as new software for model interpretability or guidelines with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Ben Zevenbergen , Allison Woodruff , Patrick Gage Kelley

Explanation in machine learning and related fields such as artificial intelligence aims at making machine learning models and their decisions understandable to humans. Existing work suggests that personalizing explanations might help to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-29 Johanes Schneider , Joshua Handali

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is increasingly required in computational economics, where machine-learning forecasters can outperform classical econometric models but remain difficult to audit and use for policy. This survey…

General Economics · Economics 2025-12-16 Agustín García-García , Pablo Hidalgo , Julio E. Sandubete

Traditional models of climate change use complex systems of coupled equations to simulate physical processes across the Earth system. These simulations are highly computationally expensive, limiting our predictions of climate change and…

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has become increasingly significant for improving the interpretability and trustworthiness of machine learning models. While saliency maps have stolen the show for the last few years in the XAI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Antonin Poché , Lucas Hervier , Mohamed-Chafik Bakkay

As predictive machine learning models become increasingly adopted and advanced, their role has evolved from merely predicting outcomes to actively shaping them. This evolution has underscored the importance of Trustworthy AI, highlighting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Fabio Michele Russo , Carlo Metta , Anna Monreale , Salvatore Rinzivillo , Fabio Pinelli

Machine learning algorithms enable advanced decision making in contemporary intelligent systems. Research indicates that there is a tradeoff between their model performance and explainability. Machine learning models with higher performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Lukas-Valentin Herm , Kai Heinrich , Jonas Wanner , Christian Janiesch

Is explainability a false promise? This debate has emerged from the insufficient evidence that explanations help people in situations they are introduced for. More human-centered, application-grounded evaluations of explanations are needed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Fateme Hashemi Chaleshtori , Atreya Ghosal , Alexander Gill , Purbid Bambroo , Ana Marasović

Explanations in a recommender system assist users in making informed decisions among a set of recommended items. Great research attention has been devoted to generating natural language explanations to depict how the recommendations are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Peng Wang , Renqin Cai , Hongning Wang