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Related papers: Consensus-Based Optimization Methods Converge Glob…

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We analyze the Consensus-Based Optimization (CBO) algorithm with a consensus point rescaled by a small fixed parameter $\kappa \in (0,1)$. Under minimal assumptions on the objective function and the initial data, we establish its…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-19 Hui Huang , Hicham Kouhkouh , Lukang Sun

Zero-order optimization has recently received significant attention for designing optimal trajectories and policies for robotic systems. However, most existing methods (e.g., MPPI, CEM, and CMA-ES) are local in nature, as they rely on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Xudong Sun , Armand Jordana , Massimo Fornasier , Jalal Etesami , Majid Khadiv

In this work we are interested in the construction of numerical methods for high dimensional constrained nonlinear optimization problems by particle-based gradient-free techniques. A consensus-based optimization (CBO) approach combined with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-23 Giacomo Borghi , Michael Herty , Lorenzo Pareschi

In this paper, we provide a novel analytical perspective on the theoretical understanding of gradient-based learning algorithms by interpreting consensus-based optimization (CBO), a recently proposed multi-particle derivative-free…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Konstantin Riedl , Timo Klock , Carina Geldhauser , Massimo Fornasier

We study the finite-agent behavior of Consensus-Based Optimization (CBO), a recent metaheuristic for the global minimization of a function, that combines drift toward a consensus estimate with stochastic exploration. While previous analyses…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-23 Simone Göttlich , Jacob Heieck , Andreas Neuenkirch

In this paper, we propose consensus-based optimization for saddle point problems (CBO-SP), a novel multi-particle metaheuristic derivative-free optimization method capable of provably finding global Nash equilibria. Following the idea of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-05 Hui Huang , Jinniao Qiu , Konstantin Riedl

In this paper, we propose a predictor-corrector type Consensus Based Optimization (CBO) algorithm on a convex feasible set. Our proposed algorithm generalizes the CBO algorithm in [11] to tackle a constrained optimization problem for the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-14 Hyeong-Ohk Bae , Seung-Yeal Ha , Myeongju Kang , Hyuncheul Lim , Chanho Min , Jane Yoo

We introduce a novel first-order stochastic swarm intelligence (SI) model in the spirit of consensus formation models, namely a consensus-based optimization (CBO) algorithm, which may be used for the global optimization of a function in…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-10-06 René Pinnau , Claudia Totzeck , Oliver Tse , Stephan Martin

Objective functions in large-scale machine-learning and artificial intelligence applications often live in high dimensions with strong non-convexity and massive local minima. First-order methods, such as the stochastic gradient method and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-10 Jingrun Chen , Shi Jin , Liyao Lyu

In this paper, we study a consensus-based optimization method for nonconvex bi-level optimization, where the objective is to minimize an upper-level function over the set of global minimizers of a lower-level problem. The proposed approach…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Yutong Chao , Xudong Sun , Konstantin Riedl , Majid Khadiv , Jalal Etesami

Bi-level optimization problems, where one wishes to find the global minimizer of an upper-level objective function over the globally optimal solution set of a lower-level objective, arise in a variety of scenarios throughout science and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Nicolás García Trillos , Sixu Li , Konstantin Riedl , Yuhua Zhu

In this work we study the mean-field description of Consensus-Based Optimization (CBO), a derivative-free particle optimization method. Such a description is provided by a non-local SDE of McKean-Vlasov type, whose fields lack of global…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Alessandro Baldi

This paper introduces an interacting-particle optimization method tailored to possibly non-convex composite optimization problems, which arise widely in signal processing. The proposed method, \emph{ProxiCBO}, integrates consensus-based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-20 Haoyu Zhang , Yanting Ma , Ruangrawee Kitichotkul , Joshua Rapp , Petros Boufounos

We introduce a practical method for incorporating equality and inequality constraints in global optimization methods based on stochastic interacting particle systems, specifically consensus-based optimization (CBO) and ensemble Kalman…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-05 J. A. Carrillo , C. Totzeck , U. Vaes

We study the derivative-free global optimization algorithm Consensus-Based Optimization (CBO), establishing uniform-in-time propagation of chaos as well as an almost uniform-in-time stability result for the microscopic particle system.…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Nicolai Gerber , Franca Hoffmann , Dohyeon Kim , Urbain Vaes

In this work we extend the class of Consensus-Based Optimization (CBO) metaheuristic methods by considering memory effects and a random selection strategy. The proposed algorithm iteratively updates a population of particles according to a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-16 Giacomo Borghi , Sara Grassi , Lorenzo Pareschi

We study Consensus-Based Optimization (CBO) for two-layer neural network training. We compare the performance of CBO against Adam on two test cases and demonstrate how a hybrid approach, combining CBO with Adam, provides faster convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 William De Deyn , Michael Herty , Giovanni Samaey

This paper studies a class of Consensus-Based Optimization (CBO) models featuring an additional stochastic rate of information, modeling the agents' knowledge of the environment and energy landscape. The well-posedness of the stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Stefano Almi , Alessandro Baldi , Marco Morandotti , Francesco Solombrino

We present stochastic consensus and convergence of the discrete consensus-based optimization (CBO) algorithm with random batch interactions and heterogeneous external noises. Despite the wide applications and successful performance in many…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-02 Dongnam Ko , Seung-Yeal Ha , Shi Jin , Doheon Kim

We establish a uniform-in-time estimate for the mean-field convergence of the Consensus-Based Optimization (CBO) algorithm by rescaling the consensus point in the dynamics with a small parameter $\kappa \in (0,1)$. This uniform-in-time…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Hui Huang , Hicham Kouhkouh