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An understanding and classification of driving scenarios are important for testing and development of autonomous driving functionalities. Machine learning models are useful for scenario classification but most of them assume that data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Lakshman Balasubramanian , Friedrich Kruber , Michael Botsch , Ke Deng

A typical assumption in state-of-the-art self-localization models is that an annotated training dataset is available for the target workspace. However, this is not necessarily true when a robot travels around the general open world. This…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Kenta Tsukahara , Kanji Tanaka

Open Set Recognition (OSR) requires models not only to accurately classify known classes but also to effectively reject unknown samples. However, when unknown samples are semantically similar to known classes, inter-class overlap in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Dongdong Zhao , Ranxin Fang , Changtian Song , Zhihui Liu , Jianwen Xiang

Open-set recognition generalizes a classification task by classifying test samples as one of the known classes from training or "unknown." As novel cancer drug cocktails with improved treatment are continually discovered, predicting cancer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Alexander Cao , Diego Klabjan , Yuan Luo

Most modern neural networks for classification fail to take into account the concept of the unknown. Trained neural networks are usually tested in an unrealistic scenario with only examples from a closed set of known classes. In an attempt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Justin Leo , Jugal Kalita

Open set recognition (OSR) is a critical aspect of machine learning, addressing the challenge of detecting novel classes during inference. Within the realm of deep learning, neural classifiers trained on a closed set of data typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jiawen Xu , Margret Keuper

In class-incremental learning, a learning agent faces a stream of data with the goal of learning new classes while not forgetting previous ones. Neural networks are known to suffer under this setting, as they forget previously acquired…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Federico Pernici , Matteo Bruni , Claudio Baecchi , Francesco Turchini , Alberto Del Bimbo

Land cover classification of satellite imagery is an important step toward analyzing the Earth's surface. Existing models assume a closed-set setting where both the training and testing classes belong to the same label set. However, due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Razieh Kaviani Baghbaderani , Ying Qu , Hairong Qi , Craig Stutts

Open set recognition problems exist in many domains. For example in security, new malware classes emerge regularly; therefore malware classification systems need to identify instances from unknown classes in addition to discriminating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Mehadi Hassen , Philip K. Chan

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the field of Open-Set Recognition, which allows a classification model to identify inputs as "unknown" when it encounters an object or class not in the training set. This ability to flag…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Zachary Rabin , Jim Davis , Benjamin Lewis , Matthew Scherreik

Classic supervised learning makes the closed-world assumption, meaning that classes seen in testing must have been seen in training. However, in the dynamic world, new or unseen class examples may appear constantly. A model working in such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Hu Xu , Bing Liu , Lei Shu , P. Yu

Humans possess an innate ability to identify and differentiate instances that they are not familiar with, by leveraging and adapting the knowledge that they have acquired so far. Importantly, they achieve this without deteriorating the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-22 K J Joseph , Sujoy Paul , Gaurav Aggarwal , Soma Biswas , Piyush Rai , Kai Han , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Modern object detectors have achieved impressive progress under the close-set setup. However, open-set object detection (OSOD) remains challenging since objects of unknown categories are often misclassified to existing known classes. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Jiaming Han , Yuqiang Ren , Jian Ding , Xingjia Pan , Ke Yan , Gui-Song Xia

Set-valued classification, a new classification paradigm that aims to identify all the plausible classes that an observation belongs to, can be obtained by learning the acceptance regions for all classes. Many existing set-valued…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-22 Zhou Wang , Xingye Qiao

Open-set image recognition (OSR) aims to both classify known-class samples and identify unknown-class samples in the testing set, which supports robust classifiers in many realistic applications, such as autonomous driving, medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jiayin Sun , Qiulei Dong

Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) focuses on classifying samples of unseen classes with only their side semantic information presented during training. It cannot handle real-life, open-world scenarios where there are test samples of unknown classes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Tianqi Li , Guansong Pang , Xiao Bai , Jin Zheng , Lei Zhou , Xin Ning

Open-set action recognition is to reject unknown human action cases which are out of the distribution of the training set. Existing methods mainly focus on learning better uncertainty scores but dismiss the importance of feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Jun Cen , Shiwei Zhang , Xiang Wang , Yixuan Pei , Zhiwu Qing , Yingya Zhang , Qifeng Chen

Classification is a fundamental task in machine learning and data mining. Existing classification methods are designed to classify unknown instances within a set of previously known training classes. Such a classification takes the form of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-02 Wajdi Dhifli , Abdoulaye Baniré Diallo

Most of the existing recognition algorithms are proposed for closed set scenarios, where all categories are known beforehand. However, in practice, recognition is essentially an open set problem. There are categories we know called…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Yu Shu , Yemin Shi , Yaowei Wang , Tiejun Huang , Yonghong Tian

Open set recognition (OSR), aiming to simultaneously classify the seen classes and identify the unseen classes as 'unknown', is essential for reliable machine learning.The key challenge of OSR is how to reduce the empirical classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Guangyao Chen , Peixi Peng , Xiangqian Wang , Yonghong Tian