Related papers: Possible Contexts of Use for In Silico trials meth…
Medications often impose temporal constraints on everyday patient activity. Violations of such medical temporal constraints (MTCs) lead to a lack of treatment adherence, in addition to poor health outcomes and increased healthcare expenses.…
Experimental design in field robotics is an adaptive human-in-the-loop decision-making process in which an experimenter learns about system performance and limitations through interactions with a robot in the form of constructed…
Formal Methods are mathematically-based techniques for software design and engineering, which enable the unambiguous description of and reasoning about a system's behaviour. Autonomous systems use software to make decisions without human…
During the last decades, medical observations and multiscale data concerning tumor growth are mounting. At the same time, contemporary imaging techniques well established in clinical practice, provide a variety of information on real-time,…
Clinical trials are a systematic endeavor to assess the safety and efficacy of new drugs or treatments. Conducting such trials typically demands significant financial investment and meticulous planning, highlighting the need for accurate…
Medicine is rife with high-stakes uncertainty. Doctors routinely make clinical judgments and decisions that juggle many fundamental unknowns, like predictions about what might be causing a patients' symptoms or decisions about what…
Physicians considering clinical trials for their patients are met with the laborious process of checking many text based eligibility criteria. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown to perform well for clinical information extraction and…
Randomized experiments are the preferred approach for evaluating the effects of interventions, but they are costly and often yield estimates with substantial uncertainty. On the other hand, in silico experiments leveraging foundation models…
This study reviewed the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in healthcare, focusing on their training corpora, customization techniques, and evaluation metrics. A systematic search of studies from 2021 to 2024 identified 61 articles. Four…
For large libraries of small molecules, exhaustive combinatorial chemical screens become infeasible to perform when considering a range of disease models, assay conditions, and dose ranges. Deep learning models have achieved state of the…
In China, Prof. Hongzhou Zhao and Zeyuan Liu are the pioneers of the concept "knowledge unit" and "knowmetrics" for measuring knowledge. However, the definition of "computable knowledge object" remains controversial so far in different…
Post-silicon validation is one of the most critical processes in modern semiconductor manufacturing. Specifically, correct and deep understanding in test cases of manufactured devices is key to enable post-silicon tuning and debugging. This…
Most health economic analyses are undertaken with the aid of computers. However, the research ethics of implementing health economic models as software (or computational health economic models (CHEMs)) are poorly understood. We propose that…
A computational system is called autonomous if it is able to make its own decisions, or take its own actions, without human supervision or control. The capability and spread of such systems have reached the point where they are beginning to…
This paper explores an approach to Bayesian sample size determination in clinical trials. The approach falls into the category of what is often called "proper Bayesian", in that it does not mix frequentist concepts with Bayesian ones. A…
The unknown parameters of simulation models often need to be calibrated using observed data. When simulation models are expensive, calibration is usually carried out with an emulator. The effectiveness of the calibration process can be…
Purpose: Summarize ICU delirium prediction models published within the past five years. Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in April 2019 using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and CINAHL to identify peer reviewed…
Software-intensive Systems-of-Systems (SoS) refer to an arrangement of managerially and operationally independent systems(i.e., constituent systems), which work collaboratively towards the achievement of global missions. Because some SoS…
In cancer translational research, increasing effort is devoted to the study of the combined effect of two drugs when they are administered simultaneously. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to estimate the part of the effect of the…
Drug discovery is a complex process that involves sequentially screening and examining a vast array of molecules to identify those with the target properties. This process, also referred to as sequential experimentation, faces challenges…