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In modern smartphone cameras, the Image Signal Processor (ISP) is the core element that converts the RAW readings from the sensor into perceptually pleasant RGB images for the end users. The ISP is typically proprietary and handcrafted and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Omar Elezabi , Marcos V. Conde , Radu Timofte

The availability of large-scale datasets has helped unleash the true potential of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, for the single-image denoising problem, capturing a real dataset is an unacceptably expensive and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-18 Syed Waqas Zamir , Aditya Arora , Salman Khan , Munawar Hayat , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Ling Shao

The Image Signal Processor (ISP) is a fundamental component in modern smartphone cameras responsible for conversion of RAW sensor image data to RGB images with a strong focus on perceptual quality. Recent work highlights the potential of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Andrei Arhire , Radu Timofte

Cameras capture scene-referred linear raw images, which are processed by onboard image signal processors (ISPs) into display-referred 8-bit sRGB outputs. Although raw data is more faithful for low-level vision tasks, collecting large-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Dongyoung Kim , Junyong Lee , Abhijith Punnappurath , Mahmoud Afifi , Sangmin Han , Alex Levinshtein , Michael S. Brown

Conventional image signal processing (ISP) frameworks are designed to reconstruct an RGB image from a single raw measurement. As multi-camera systems become increasingly popular these days, it is worth exploring improvements in ISP…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-16 Ahmad Bin Rabiah , Qi Guo

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently become the leading method for low-light image enhancement (LLIE). However, despite significant progress, their outputs may still exhibit issues such as amplified noise, incorrect white balance, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Zhihua Wang , Yu Long , Qinghua Lin , Kai Zhang , Yazhu Zhang , Yuming Fang , Li Liu , Xiaochun Cao

RAW to sRGB mapping, which aims to convert RAW images from smartphones into RGB form equivalent to that of Digital Single-Lens Reflex (DSLR) cameras, has become an important area of research. However, current methods often ignore the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Xuanhua He , Tao Hu , Guoli Wang , Zejin Wang , Run Wang , Qian Zhang , Keyu Yan , Ziyi Chen , Rui Li , Chenjun Xie , Jie Zhang , Man Zhou

Real-world image super-resolution (Real SR) aims to generate high-fidelity, detail-rich high-resolution (HR) images from low-resolution (LR) counterparts. Existing Real SR methods primarily focus on generating details from the LR RGB…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-22 Long Peng , Wenbo Li , Jiaming Guo , Xin Di , Haoze Sun , Yong Li , Renjing Pei , Yang Wang , Yang Cao , Zheng-Jun Zha

Modern digital cameras and smartphones mostly rely on image signal processing (ISP) pipelines to produce realistic colored RGB images. However, compared to DSLR cameras, low-quality images are usually obtained in many portable mobile…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-11 Rao Muhammad Umer , Christian Micheloni

Modern smartphone camera quality heavily relies on the image signal processor (ISP) to enhance captured raw images, utilizing carefully designed modules to produce final output images encoded in a standard color space (e.g., sRGB).…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-16 Georgy Perevozchikov , Nancy Mehta , Mahmoud Afifi , Radu Timofte

Cameras currently allow access to two image states: (i) a minimally processed linear raw-RGB image state (i.e., raw sensor data) or (ii) a highly-processed nonlinear image state (e.g., sRGB). There are many computer vision tasks that work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Mahmoud Afifi , Abdelrahman Abdelhamed , Abdullah Abuolaim , Abhijith Punnappurath , Michael S. Brown

Autonomous driving algorithms usually employ sRGB images as model input due to their compatibility with the human visual system. However, visually pleasing sRGB images are possibly sub-optimal for downstream tasks when compared to RAW…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-05 Anqi Liu , Shiyi Mu , Shugong Xu

Raw images preserve linear sensor measurements and high bit-depth information crucial for advanced vision tasks and photography applications, yet their storage remains challenging due to large file sizes, varying bit depths, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Chunhang Zheng , Tongda Xu , Mingli Xie , Yan Wang , Dou Li

Most existing super-resolution methods do not perform well in real scenarios due to lack of realistic training data and information loss of the model input. To solve the first problem, we propose a new pipeline to generate realistic…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-30 Xiangyu Xu , Yongrui Ma , Wenxiu Sun

We propose a trainable Image Signal Processing (ISP) framework that produces DSLR quality images given RAW images captured by a smartphone. To address the color misalignments between training image pairs, we employ a color-conditional ISP…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Ardhendu Shekhar Tripathi , Martin Danelljan , Samarth Shukla , Radu Timofte , Luc Van Gool

Image Signal Processor (ISP) is a crucial component in digital cameras that transforms sensor signals into images for us to perceive and understand. Existing ISP designs always adopt a fixed architecture, e.g., several sequential modules…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-13 Ke Yu , Zexian Li , Yue Peng , Chen Change Loy , Jinwei Gu

Image compression is an essential and last processing unit in the camera image signal processing (ISP) pipeline. While many studies have been made to replace the conventional ISP pipeline with a single end-to-end optimized deep learning…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-17 Wooseok Jeong , Seung-Won Jung

Deep learning technologies have become the backbone for the development of computer vision. With further explorations, deep neural networks have been found vulnerable to well-designed adversarial attacks. Most of the vision devices are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Junjian Li , Honglong Chen

Images fed to a deep neural network have in general undergone several handcrafted image signal processing (ISP) operations, all of which have been optimized to produce visually pleasing images. In this work, we investigate the hypothesis…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-08 William Ljungbergh , Joakim Johnander , Christoffer Petersson , Michael Felsberg

Traditional image signal processors (ISPs) are primarily designed and optimized to improve the image quality perceived by humans. However, optimal perceptual image quality does not always translate into optimal performance for computer…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-15 Chyuan-Tyng Wu , Leo F. Isikdogan , Sushma Rao , Bhavin Nayak , Timo Gerasimow , Aleksandar Sutic , Liron Ain-kedem , Gilad Michael