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When testing multiple hypothesis in a survey --e.g. many different source locations, template waveforms, and so on-- the final result consists in a set of confidence intervals, each one at a desired confidence level. But the probability…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 L. Baggio , G. A. Prodi

Especially when facing reliability data with limited information (e.g., a small number of failures), there are strong motivations for using Bayesian inference methods. These include the option to use information from physics-of-failure or…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-27 Qinglong Tian , Colin Lewis-Beck , Jarad Niemi , William Meeker

Bootstrap smoothed (bagged) parameter estimators have been proposed as an improvement on estimators found after preliminary data-based model selection. The key result of Efron (2014) is a very convenient and widely applicable formula for a…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-29 Paul Kabaila , Christeen Wijethunga

We develop and apply two calibration procedures for checking the coverage of approximate Bayesian credible sets including intervals estimated using Monte Carlo methods. The user has an ideal prior and likelihood, but generates a credible…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-19 Jeong Eun Lee , Geoff K. Nicholls , Robin J. Ryder

Consider a one-way analysis of covariance model. Suppose that the parameter of interest theta is a specified linear contrast of the expected responses, for a given value of the covariate. Also suppose that the inference of interest is a…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-18 Waruni Abeysekera , Paul Kabaila , Oguzhan Yilmaz

A common, though not recommended statistical practice is to report confidence intervals if and only if they exclude a null value of 0. The resulting filtered confidence intervals generally do not have their nominal confidence level. More…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-15 Art B. Owen

We address functional uncertainty quantification for ill-posed inverse problems where it is possible to evaluate a possibly rank-deficient forward model, the observation noise distribution is known, and there are known parameter…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-06 Michael Stanley , Pau Batlle , Pratik Patil , Houman Owhadi , Mikael Kuusela

We consider the problem of constructing confidence intervals for the median of a response $Y \in \mathbb{R}$ conditional on features $X \in \mathbb{R}^d$ in a situation where we are not willing to make any assumption whatsoever on the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-07 Dhruv Medarametla , Emmanuel J. Candès

In statistical inference, confidence set procedures are typically evaluated based on their validity and width properties. Even when procedures achieve rate-optimal widths, confidence sets can still be excessively wide in practice due to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-20 Kenta Takatsu

In the analysis of clustered and longitudinal data, which includes a covariate that varies both between and within clusters (e.g. time-varying covariate in longitudinal data), a Hausman pretest is commonly used to decide whether subsequent…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-06-15 Paul Kabaila , Rheanna Mainzer , Davide Farchione

In many applications, different populations are compared using data that are sampled in a biased manner. Under sampling biases, standard methods that estimate the difference between the population means yield unreliable inferences. Here we…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-12 Dave Zachariah , Petre Stoica

Sometimes, we do not use a maximum likelihood estimator of a probability but it's a smoothed estimator in order to cope with the zero frequency problem. This is often the case when we use the Naive Bayes classifier. Laplace smoothing is a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-26 Masato Kikuchi , Mitsuo Yoshida , Masayuki Okabe , Kyoji Umemura

An important problem in statistics is the construction of confidence regions for unknown parameters. In most cases, asymptotic distribution theory is used to construct confidence regions, so any coverage probability claims only hold…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-10-28 Ryan Martin

We study properties of confidence intervals (CIs) for the difference of two Bernoulli distributions' success parameters, $p_x - p_y$, in the case where the goal is to obtain a CI of a given half-width while minimizing sampling costs when…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-23 Ignacio Erazo , David Goldsman , Yajun Mei

Capture-recapture (CRC) surveys are used to estimate the size of a population whose members cannot be enumerated directly. CRC surveys have been used to estimate the number of Covid-19 infections, people who use drugs, sex workers, conflict…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-17 Jinghao Sun , Luk Van Baelen , Els Plettinckx , Forrest W. Crawford

Confidence sets play a fundamental role in statistical inference. In this paper, we consider confidence intervals for high dimensional linear regression with random design. We first establish the convergence rates of the minimax expected…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-11-30 T. Tony Cai , Zijian Guo

What, if anything, should a frequentist say about a single realized confidence interval (CI) and its chance of having covered the parameter? Jerzy Neyman's original answer was to refuse any nondegenerate probability for coverage ex post…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2026-03-06 Scott Lee

When knowledge is obtained from a database, it is only possible to deduce confidence intervals for probability values. With confidence intervals replacing point values, the results in the set covering model include interval constraints for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-10 Richard E. Neapolitan , James Kenevan

Regulatory authorities guide the use of permutation tests or randomization tests so as not to increase the type-I error rate when applying covariate-adaptive randomization in randomized clinical trials. For non-inferiority and equivalence…

Applications · Statistics 2023-12-27 Masahiro Kojima , Hirotaka Mano , Kana Yamada , Keisuke Hanada , Yuji Tanaka , Junji Moriya

Reliability is probability of success in a success-failure experiment. Confidence in reliability estimate improves with increasing number of samples. Assurance sets confidence level same as reliability to create one number for easier…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-07 Sanjay M. Joshi