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Increased availability of open-source software repositories and recent advances in code analysis using large language models (LLMs) has triggered a wave of new work to automate software engineering tasks that were previously very difficult…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Marc Dillmann , Julien Siebert , Adam Trendowicz

Code Smell Detection (CSD) plays a crucial role in improving software quality and maintainability. And Deep Learning (DL) techniques have emerged as a promising approach for CSD due to their superior performance. However, the effectiveness…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Fengji Zhang , Zexian Zhang , Jacky Wai Keung , Xiangru Tang , Zhen Yang , Xiao Yu , Wenhua Hu

Software defect prediction is an important aspect of preventive maintenance of a software. Many techniques have been employed to improve software quality through defect prediction. This paper introduces an approach of defect prediction…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-03-09 Junaid Ali Reshi , Satwinder Singh

Early prediction of software quality is important for better software planning and controlling. In early development phases, design complexity metrics are considered as useful indicators of software testing effort and some quality…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Anh Nguyen-Duc

Technical debt has become a common metaphor for the accumulation of software design and implementation choices that seek fast initial gains but that are under par and counterproductive in the long run. However, as a metaphor, technical debt…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Jacinto Ramirez Lahti , Antti-Pekka Tuovinen , Tommi Mikkonen

Context: Code reviews are essential for maintaining software quality, yet many human review comments suffer from issues such as redundancy, vagueness, or lack of constructiveness. These types of comments may slow down feedback and obscure…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Semih Çağlar , Şükrü Eren Gökırmak , Eray Tüzün

Java remains one of the most popular programming languages in education. Although Java programming education is well supported by study materials, learners also need more immediate support on the problems they face in their own code. When…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Philipp Straubinger , Florian Obermüller , Gordon Fraser

Software implements a significant proportion of functionality in factory automation. Thus, efficient development and the reuse of software parts, so-called units, enhance competitiveness. Thereby, complex control software units are more…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Juliane Fischer , Birgit Vogel-Heuser , Heiko Schneider , Nikolai Langer , Markus Felger , Matthias Bengel

The aims of this paper are: 1) to identify "worst smells", i.e., bad smells that never have a good reason to exist, 2) to determine the frequency, change-proneness, and severity associated with worst smells, and 3) to identify the "worst…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Davide Falessi , Rick Kazman

Context. Refactoring has been widely investigated in the past in relation to production code quality, yet still little is known on how developers apply refactoring on test code. Specifically, there is still a lack of investigation into how…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Luana Martins , Valeria Pontillo , Heitor Costa , Filomena Ferrucci , Fabio Palomba , Ivan Machado

Large Language Models (LLMs) are one of the most promising developments in the field of artificial intelligence, and the software engineering community has readily noticed their potential role in the software development life-cycle.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Greta Dolcetti , Vincenzo Arceri , Eleonora Iotti , Sergio Maffeis , Agostino Cortesi , Enea Zaffanella

Software code quality is a construct with three dimensions: maintainability, reliability, and functionality. Although many firms have incorporated code quality metrics in their operations, evaluating these metrics still lacks consistent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Siyuan Jin , Mianmian Zhang , Yekai Guo , Yuejiang He , Ziyuan Li , Bichao Chen , Bing Zhu , Yong Xia

Use case modeling is very popular to represent the functionality of the system to be developed, and it consists of two parts: use case diagram and use case description. Use case descriptions are written in structured natural language (NL),…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Yotaro Seki , Shinpei Hayashi , Motoshi Saeki

Cohesion is a core design quality that has a great impact on posterior development and maintenance. By the nature of software, the cohesion of a system is diminished as the system evolves. God classes are code defects resulting from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2012-04-11 Junha Lee , Donghun Lee , Dae-Kyoo Kim , Sooyong Park

Machine learning (ML) codebases face unprecedented challenges in maintaining code quality and sustainability as their complexity grows exponentially. While traditional code smell detection tools exist, they fail to address ML-specific…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Karthik Shivashankar , Antonio Martini

Flaky tests yield inconsistent results when they are repeatedly executed on the same code revision. They interfere with automated quality assurance of code changes and hinder efficient software testing. Previous work evaluated approaches to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Alexander Berndt , Vekil Bekmyradov , Rainer Gemulla , Marcus Kessel , Thomas Bach , Sebastian Baltes

Decisions on which classes to refactor are fraught with difficulty. The problem of identifying candidate classes becomes acute when confronted with large systems comprising hundreds or thousands of classes. In this paper, we describe a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Richard Wheeldon , Steve Counsell

Gender stereotypes in introductory programming courses often go unnoticed, yet they can negatively influence young learners' interest and learning, particularly under-represented groups such as girls. Popular tutorials on block-based…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Isabella Graßl , Benedikt Fein , Gordon Fraser

Large Language Models (LLMs) changed the way we design and interact with software systems. Their ability to process and extract information from text has drastically improved productivity in a number of routine tasks. Developers that want…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Federico Errica , Giuseppe Siracusano , Davide Sanvito , Roberto Bifulco

In this study, we explore advanced strategies for enhancing software quality by detecting and refactoring data clumps, special types of code smells. Our approach transcends the capabilities of integrated development environments, utilizing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Nils Baumgartner , Elke Pulvermüller