English
Related papers

Related papers: Is it who you are or where you are? Accounting for…

200 papers

Estimating how a treatment affects units individually, known as heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE) estimation, is an essential part of decision-making and policy implementation. The accumulation of large amounts of data in many domains,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Christopher Tran , Elena Zheleva

Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects is an important problem across many domains. In order to accurately estimate such treatment effects, one typically relies on data from observational studies or randomized experiments. Currently,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-28 Tobias Hatt , Jeroen Berrevoets , Alicia Curth , Stefan Feuerriegel , Mihaela van der Schaar

Weight-ensembles are formed when the parameters of multiple neural networks are directly averaged into a single model. They have demonstrated generalization capability in-distribution (ID) and out-of-distribution (OOD) which is not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Alex Rojas , David Alvarez-Melis

Federated learning of causal estimands offers a powerful strategy to improve estimation efficiency by leveraging data from multiple study sites while preserving privacy. Existing literature has primarily focused on the average treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-24 Siqi Cao , Shu Yang

A key challenge in estimating causal effects from observational data is handling confounding and is commonly achieved through weighting methods that balance distribution of covariates between treatment and control groups. Weighting…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-23 Simion De , Jared D. Huling

Assessing the quality of cancer care administered by US health providers poses numerous challenges due to meaningful heterogeneity in patient populations. Patients undergoing oncology treatment exhibit substantial variation in disease…

Applications · Statistics 2025-02-17 Yige Li , Nancy L. Keating , Mary Beth Landrum , Jose R. Zubizarreta

Accurately estimating personalized treatment effects within a study site (e.g., a hospital) has been challenging due to limited sample size. Furthermore, privacy considerations and lack of resources prevent a site from leveraging…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-17 Xiaoqing Tan , Chung-Chou H. Chang , Ling Zhou , Lu Tang

Leveraging external controls -- relevant individual patient data under control from external trials or real-world data -- has the potential to reduce the cost of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) while increasing the proportion of trial…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-13 Yanyao Yi , Ying Zhang , Yu Du , Ting Ye

The first step towards investigating the effectiveness of a treatment via a randomized trial is to split the population into control and treatment groups then compare the average response of the treatment group receiving the treatment to…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-08-30 Hossein Babaei , Sina Alemohammad , Richard Baraniuk

Randomized experiments can provide unbiased estimates of sample average treatment effects. However, estimates of population treatment effects can be biased when the experimental sample and the target population differ. In this case, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-10 Wenqi Shi , Xi Lin

A high-quality experimental dataset is often much smaller than a corresponding observational dataset. When this holds with possibly biased measurements of the outcome of interest in the latter, we propose an estimation and inference…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Harrison H Li

We provide a simple distribution regression estimator for treatment effects in the difference-in-differences (DiD) design. Our procedure is particularly useful when the treatment effect differs across the distribution of the outcome…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-20 Iván Fernández-Val , Jonas Meier , Aico van Vuuren , Francis Vella

This paper proposes new estimators for the propensity score that aim to maximize the covariate distribution balance among different treatment groups. Heuristically, our proposed procedure attempts to estimate a propensity score model by…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-04-07 Pedro H. C. Sant'Anna , Xiaojun Song , Qi Xu

Randomized experiments on social networks pose statistical challenges, due to the possibility of interference between units. We propose new methods for estimating attributable treatment effects in such settings. The methods do not require…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-10-13 David S. Choi

Combination drug therapies hold significant promise for enhancing treatment efficacy, particularly in fields such as oncology, immunotherapy, and infectious diseases. However, designing clinical trials for these regimens poses unique…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-04 Nan Miles Xi , Man Mandy Jin , Lin Wang , Xin Huang

Studying causal effects of continuous treatments is important for gaining a deeper understanding of many interventions, policies, or medications, yet researchers are often left with observational studies for doing so. In the observational…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-16 Jared D. Huling , Noah Greifer , Guanhua Chen

In classical study designs, the aim is often to learn about the effects of a treatment or intervention on a single outcome; in many modern studies, however, data on multiple outcomes are collected and it is of interest to explore effects on…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-06-15 Edward H. Kennedy , Shreya Kangovi , Nandita Mitra

We recently developed a new method riAFT-BART to draw causal inferences about population treatment effect on patient survival from clustered and censored survival data while accounting for the multilevel data structure. The practical…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-14 Liangyuan Hu

Difference-in-differences estimation is a widely used method of program evaluation. When treatment is implemented in different places at different times, researchers often use two-way fixed effects to control for location-specific and…

General Economics · Economics 2021-03-25 Pamela Jakiela

Multivalent cargo that can interact with substrates via multiple interaction sites exhibit shared characteristics despite being found in different systems at different length-scales. Here, a general analytical model has been developed that…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-16 Lewis Scott Mosby , Anne Straube , Marco Polin