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Meta-learning has arisen as a successful method for improving training performance by training over many similar tasks, especially with deep neural networks (DNNs). However, the theoretical understanding of when and why overparameterized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Peizhong Ju , Yingbin Liang , Ness B. Shroff

Neural networks are not learning optimal decision boundaries. We show that decision boundaries are situated in areas of low training data density. They are impacted by few training samples which can easily lead to overfitting. We provide a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Johannes Schneider

Supervised manifold learning methods learn data representations by preserving the geometric structure of data while enhancing the separation between data samples from different classes. In this work, we propose a theoretical study of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Elif Vural , Christine Guillemot

We investigate the asymptotic risk of a general class of overparameterized likelihood models, including deep models. The recent empirical success of large-scale models has motivated several theoretical studies to investigate a scenario…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-16 Ryumei Nakada , Masaaki Imaizumi

We study a high-dimensional generalized linear model and penalized empirical risk minimization with $\ell_1$ penalty. Our aim is to provide a non-trivial illustration that non-asymptotic bounds for the estimator can be obtained without…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-09-12 Sara A. van de Geer

We focus on a specific class of shallow neural networks with a single hidden layer, namely those with $L_2$-normalised data and either a sigmoid-shaped Gaussian error function ("erf") activation or a Gaussian Error Linear Unit (GELU)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Felix Biggs , Benjamin Guedj

In the context of neural network models, overparametrization refers to the phenomena whereby these models appear to generalize well on the unseen data, even though the number of parameters significantly exceeds the sample sizes, and the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-25 Matt Emschwiller , David Gamarnik , Eren C. Kızıldağ , Ilias Zadik

Generalization under distribution shift remains a core challenge in modern machine learning, yet existing learning bound theory is limited to narrow, idealized settings and is non-estimable from samples. In this paper, we bridge the gap…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-25 Hongbo Chen , Li Charlie Xia

This paper discovers that the neural network with lower decision boundary (DB) variability has better generalizability. Two new notions, algorithm DB variability and $(\epsilon, \eta)$-data DB variability, are proposed to measure the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Shiye Lei , Fengxiang He , Yancheng Yuan , Dacheng Tao

In this work, we study the training and generalization performance of two-layer neural networks (NNs) after one gradient descent step under structured data modeled by Gaussian mixtures. While previous research has extensively analyzed this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-20 Samet Demir , Zafer Dogan

This paper investigates approximation-theoretic aspects of the in-context learning capability of the transformers in representing a family of noisy linear dynamical systems. Our first theoretical result establishes an upper bound on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Frank Cole , Yuxuan Zhao , Yulong Lu , Tianhao Zhang

We investigate the learning dynamics of classifiers in scenarios where classes are separable or classifiers are over-parameterized. In both cases, Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) results in zero training error. However, there are many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Julius Martinetz , Christoph Linse , Thomas Martinetz

A common belief in high-dimensional data analysis is that data are concentrated on a low-dimensional manifold. This motivates simultaneous dimension reduction and regression on manifolds. We provide an algorithm for learning gradients on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-02-24 Sayan Mukherjee , Qiang Wu , Ding-Xuan Zhou

A fairly comprehensive analysis is presented for the gradient descent dynamics for training two-layer neural network models in the situation when the parameters in both layers are updated. General initialization schemes as well as general…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Weinan E , Chao Ma , Lei Wu

In the mean field regime, neural networks are appropriately scaled so that as the width tends to infinity, the learning dynamics tends to a nonlinear and nontrivial dynamical limit, known as the mean field limit. This lends a way to study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Huy Tuan Pham , Phan-Minh Nguyen

We study learning algorithms when there is a mismatch between the distributions of the training and test datasets of a learning algorithm. The effect of this mismatch on the generalization error and model misspecification are quantified.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Saeed Masiha , Amin Gohari , Mohammad Hossein Yassaee , Mohammad Reza Aref

The recent success of neural network models has shone light on a rather surprising statistical phenomenon: statistical models that perfectly fit noisy data can generalize well to unseen test data. Understanding this phenomenon of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-13 Niladri S. Chatterji , Philip M. Long , Peter L. Bartlett

Modern regression problems often involve high-dimensional data and a careful tuning of the regularization hyperparameters is crucial to avoid overly complex models that may overfit the training data while guaranteeing desirable properties…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Maria-Florina Balcan , Saumya Goyal , Dravyansh Sharma

Three-layer neural networks are known to form singular learning models, and their Bayesian asymptotic behavior is governed by the learning coefficient, or real log canonical threshold. Although this quantity has been clarified for regular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Yuki Kurumadani

How well do neural networks generalize? Even for grammar induction tasks, where the target generalization is fully known, previous works have left the question open, testing very limited ranges beyond the training set and using different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Nur Lan , Emmanuel Chemla , Roni Katzir