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The Internet of Things (IoT) enables a wide variety of applications where large sensor networks are deployed in remote areas without power grid access. Thus, the sensor nodes often run on batteries, whose replacement and disposal represent…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Martina Capuzzo , Carmen Delgado , Jeroen Famaey , Andrea Zanella

From the outset, batteries have been the main power source for the Internet of Things (IoT). However, replacing and disposing of billions of dead batteries per year is costly in terms of maintenance and ecologically irresponsible. Since…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Carmen Delgado , Jos é María Sanz , Jeroen Famaey

This paper presents a comprehensive mathematical model to characterize the energy dynamics of batteryless IoT sensor nodes powered entirely by ambient energy harvesting. The model captures both the energy harvesting and consumption phases,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 Jimmy Fernandez Landivar , Andrea Zanella , Ihsane Gryech , Sofie Pollin , Hazem Sallouha

Billions of IoT devices are deployed worldwide and batteries are their main power source. However, these batteries are bulky, short-lived and full of hazardous chemicals that damage our environment. Relying on batteries is not a sustainable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Carmen Delgado , José María Sanz , Chris Blondia , Jeroen Famaey

Industrial wireless sensor networks enable real-time data collection, analysis, and control by interconnecting diverse industrial devices. In these industrial settings, power outlets are not always available, and reliance on battery power…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Dries Van Leemput , Jeroen Hoebeke , Eli De Poorter

The sustainable Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming a promising solution for the green living and smart industries. In this article, we investigate the practical issues in the radio energy harvesting and data communication systems through…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-03 Yu Luo , Lina Pu

Internet of things (IoT) is a revolutionizing technology which aims to create an ecosystem of connected objects and embedded devices and provide ubiquitous connectivity between trillions of not only smart devices but also simple sensors and…

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are rapidly expanding in many areas, including deep mines, space, industrial environments, and health monitoring systems. Most of the sensors and actuators are battery-powered, and these batteries have a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Satyajaswanth Badri , Mukesh Saini , Neeraj Goel

The battery-less Internet of Things (IoT) devices are a key element in the sustainable green initiative for the next-generation wireless networks. These battery-free devices use the ambient energy, harvested from the environment. The energy…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Chetna Singhal , Subhrajit Barick , Rishabh Sonkar

The sustainable design of Internet of Things (IoT) networks encompasses considerations related to energy efficiency and autonomy as well as considerations related to reliable communications, ensuring no energy is wasted on undelivered data.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-10 Jimmy Fernandez Landivar , Khojiakbar Botirov , Hazem Sallouha , Marcos Katz , Sofie Pollin

With the growing number of deployments of Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure for a wide variety of applications, the battery maintenance has become a major limitation for the sustainability of such infrastructure. To overcome this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-24 Dong Ma , Guohao Lan , Mahbub Hassan , Wen Hu , Sajal K. Das

The Internet of things (IoT) comprises of wireless sensors and actuators connected via access points to the Internet. Often, the sensing devices are remotely deployed with limited battery power and are equipped with energy harvesting…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Jin Shang , Muhammad Junaid Farooq , Quanyan Zhu

Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the main features in 5G. Low-power wide-area networking (LPWAN) has attracted enormous research interests to enable large scale deployment of IoT, with the design objectives of low cost, wide coverage…

We study how ambient energy harvesting may be used as an attack vector in the battery-less Internet of Things (IoT). Battery-less IoT devices rely on ambient energy harvesting and are employed in a multitude of applications, including…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Luca Mottola , Arslan Hameed , Thiemo Voigt

Recently, harvesting natural energy is gaining more attention than other conventional approaches for sustainable Internet-of-Things (IoT). System on chip (SoC) power requirement for the IoT and generating higher voltages on-chip is a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Saswat K. Ram , Sauvagya R. Sahoo , Banee B. Das , Kamalakanta Mahapatra , Saraju P. Mohanty

In the ever-growing Internet of Things (IoT) landscape, smart power management algorithms combined with energy harvesting solutions are crucial to obtain self-sustainability. This paper presents an energy-aware adaptive sampling rate…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-22 Marco Giordano , Silvano Cortesi , Prodromos-Vasileios Mekikis , Michele Crabolu , Giovanni Bellusci , Michele Magno

We study how to mitigate the effects of energy attacks in the batteryless Internet of Things (IoT). Battery-less IoT devices live and die with ambient energy, as they use energy harvesting to power their operation. They are employed in a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Chetna Singhal , Thiemo Voigt , Luca Mottola

Autonomy of devices is a major challenge in many Internet of Things (IoT) applications, in particular when the nodes are deployed remotely or difficult to assess places. In this paper we present an approach to provide energy to these…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Jarne Van Mulders , Guus Leenders , Gilles Callebaut , Lieven De Strycker , Liesbet Van der Perre

Energy harvesting offers an attractive and promising mechanism to power low-energy devices. However, it alone is insufficient to enable an energy-neutral operation, which can eliminate tedious battery charging and replacement requirements.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-13 Yigit Tuncel , Ganapati Bhat , Jaehyun Park , Umit Ogras

Internet of Things (IoT) are increasingly being adopted into practical applications such as security systems, smart infrastructure, traffic management, weather systems, among others. While the scale of these applications is enormous, device…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Vidushi Vashishth , Anshuman Chhabra , Anirudh Khanna , Deepak Kumar Sharma , Jyotsna Singh
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