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Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is the sharing of secret keys between different parties using the continuous amplitude and phase quadratures of light. There are many protocols in which different modulation schemes are…

The decoy state protocol has been considered to be one of the most important methods to protect the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) with a weak coherent source. Here we test two experimental approaches to generating the decoy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-18 Anqi Huang , Shi-Hai Sun , Zhihong Liu , Vadim Makarov

We propose a new scheme for quantum secret sharing (QSS) that uses a modulated high-dimensional time-bin entanglement. By modulating the relative phase randomly by {0,pi}, a sender with the entanglement source can randomly change the sign…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Hiroki Takesue , Kyo Inoue

Quantum key distribution using weak coherent states and homodyne detection is a promising candidate for practical quantum-cryptographic implementations due to its compatibility with existing telecom equipment and high detection…

The security of quantum key distribution (QKD) relies on the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, with which legitimate users are able to estimate information leakage by monitoring the disturbance of the transmitted quantum signals. Normally,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-03 Zhen Zhang , Xiao Yuan , Zhu Cao , Xiongfeng Ma

Spin qubits in quantum dots are a promising technology for quantum computing due to their fast response time and long coherence times. An electromagnetic pulse is applied to the system for a specific duration to perform a desired rotation.…

Leakage errors arise when the quantum state leaks out of some subspace of interest, for example, the two-level subspace of a multi-level system defining a computational `qubit' or the logical code space defined by some quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-18 Joel J. Wallman , Marie Barnhill , Joseph Emerson

Leakage errors occur when a quantum system leaves the two-level qubit subspace. Reducing these errors is critically important for quantum error correction to be viable. To quantify leakage errors, we use randomized benchmarking in…

As we are entering the era of constructing practical quantum computers, suppressing the inevitable noise to accomplish reliable computational tasks will be the primary goal. Leakage noise, as the amplitude population leaking outside the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Chen Ding , Xiao-Yue Xu , Shuo Zhang , Wan-Su Bao , He-Liang Huang

Quantum computers will require quantum error correction to reach the low error rates necessary for solving problems that surpass the capabilities of conventional computers. One of the dominant errors limiting the performance of quantum…

We discuss a quantum key distribution scheme in which small phase and amplitude modulations of CW light beams carry the key information. The presence of EPR type correlations provides the quantum protection. We identify universal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 T. C. Ralph

Discrete-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution offers a pragmatic solution, greatly simplifying experimental procedures while retaining robust integration with classical optical communication. Theoretical analyses have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-31 Mingze Wu , Junhui Li , Bingjie Xu , Song Yu , Yichen Zhang

The majority of quantum error detection and correction protocols assume that the population in a qubit does not leak outside of its computational subspace. For many existing approaches, however, the physical qubits do possess more than two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-24 Joydip Ghosh , Austin G. Fowler , John M. Martinis , Michael R. Geller

The security proofs of continuous-variable quantum key distribution are based on the assumptions that the eavesdropper can neither act on the local oscillator nor control Bob's beam splitter. These assumptions may be invalid in practice due…

A new measure of information leakage for quantum encoding of classical data is defined. An adversary can access a single copy of the state of a quantum system that encodes some classical data and is interested in correctly guessing a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-20 Farhad Farokhi

While measurement-device-independent (MDI) quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two trusted parties to establish a shared secret key from a distance without needing to trust a central detection node, their quantum sources must be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-04 J. Eli Bourassa , Amita Gnanapandithan , Li Qian , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) allows for quantum secure communication with the benefit of being close to existing classical coherent communication. In recent years, CV QKD protocols using a discrete number of…

We study how the imperfection of intensity modulator effects on the security of a practical quantum key distribution system. The extinction ratio of the realistic intensity modulator is considered in our security analysis. We show that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-04 Jing-Zheng Huang , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Shuang Wang , Hong-Wei Li , Wei Chen , Zheng-Fu Han

Phase correlations are an under-explored vulnerability in QKD. Here, we present an experimental and simulated characterization of correlations arising from electro-optic phase encoding, over repetition rates up to the GHz level. To mitigate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-24 Amita Gnanapandithan , Li Qian , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Experimental Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols have to consist of not only the unconditionally secure quantum transmission, but also a subsequent classical exchange that enables key reconciliation and error correction. There is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Elizabeth Newton , Matthew C. J. Everitt , Freya L. Wilson , Benjamin T. H. Varcoe