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Related papers: ACRE: Abstract Causal REasoning Beyond Covariation

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Confounding bias and selection bias bring two significant challenges to the validity of conclusions drawn from applied causal inference. The latter can stem from informative missingness, such as in cases of attrition. We introduce the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-25 Johan de Aguas , Johan Pensar , Tomás Varnet Pérez , Guido Biele

Humans are able to perceive, understand and reason about causal events. Developing models with similar physical and causal understanding capabilities is a long-standing goal of artificial intelligence. As a step towards this direction, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Tayfun Ates , M. Samil Atesoglu , Cagatay Yigit , Ilker Kesen , Mert Kobas , Erkut Erdem , Aykut Erdem , Tilbe Goksun , Deniz Yuret

Causal reasoning (CR) is a crucial aspect of intelligence, essential for problem-solving, decision-making, and understanding the world. While language models (LMs) can generate rationales for their outputs, their ability to reliably perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Longxuan Yu , Delin Chen , Siheng Xiong , Qingyang Wu , Qingzhen Liu , Dawei Li , Zhikai Chen , Xiaoze Liu , Liangming Pan

Abstractive related work generation has attracted increasing attention in generating coherent related work that better helps readers grasp the background in the current research. However, most existing abstractive models ignore the inherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Jiachang Liu , Qi Zhang , Chongyang Shi , Usman Naseem , Shoujin Wang , Ivor Tsang

The pursuit of interpretable artificial intelligence has led to significant advancements in the development of methods that aim to explain the decision-making processes of complex models, such as deep learning systems. Among these methods,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yihao Zhang

We present a novel approach to constraint-based causal discovery, that takes the form of straightforward logical inference, applied to a list of simple, logical statements about causal relations that are derived directly from observed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-02-20 Tom Claassen , Tom Heskes

Causal inference is a science with multi-disciplinary evolution and applications. On the one hand, it measures effects of treatments in observational data based on experimental designs and rigorous statistical inference to draw causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-05 Jingying Zeng , Run Wang

*Concept-based explanations* offer a promising approach for explaining the predictions of deep neural networks in terms of high-level, human-understandable concepts. However, existing methods either do not establish a causal connection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ronaldo Canizales , Divya Gopinath , Corina Păsăreanu , Ravi Mangal

Reinforcement learning is an essential paradigm for solving sequential decision problems under uncertainty. Despite many remarkable achievements in recent decades, applying reinforcement learning methods in the real world remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Zhihong Deng , Jing Jiang , Guodong Long , Chengqi Zhang

Directed acyclic graphical (DAG) models are a powerful tool for representing causal relationships among jointly distributed random variables, especially concerning data from across different experimental settings. However, it is not always…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-03 Francisco Madaleno , Pratik Misra , Alex Markham

In fact-checking applications, a common reason to reject a claim is to detect the presence of erroneous cause-effect relationships between the events at play. However, current automated fact-checking methods lack dedicated causal-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Youssra Rebboud , Pasquale Lisena , Raphael Troncy

We study causal discovery from a single observed sequence of discrete events generated by a stochastic process, as encountered in vehicle logs, manufacturing systems, or patient trajectories. This regime is particularly challenging due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Hugo Math , Rainer Lienhart

Recent large vision-language models have achieved strong performance on short- and medium-length video understanding, yet they remain inadequate for ultra-long or even infinite video reasoning, where models must preserve coherent memory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Peizheng Yan , Yu Zhao , Liang Xie , Juntong Qi , Mingming Wang , Erwei Yin

Video-based human pose estimation has long been a fundamental yet challenging problem in computer vision. Previous studies focus on spatio-temporal modeling through the enhancement of architecture design and optimization strategies.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Haipeng Chen , Sifan Wu , Zhigang Wang , Yifang Yin , Yingying Jiao , Yingda Lyu , Zhenguang Liu

Causal inference is the process of using assumptions, study designs, and estimation strategies to draw conclusions about the causal relationships between variables based on data. This allows researchers to better understand the underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Anpeng Wu , Kun Kuang , Ruoxuan Xiong , Fei Wu

In many areas, we have well-founded insights about causal structure that would be useful to bring into our trained models while still allowing them to learn in a data-driven fashion. To achieve this, we present the new method of interchange…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Atticus Geiger , Zhengxuan Wu , Hanson Lu , Josh Rozner , Elisa Kreiss , Thomas Icard , Noah D. Goodman , Christopher Potts

Most causal discovery algorithms find causal structure among a set of observed variables. Learning the causal structure among latent variables remains an important open problem, particularly when using high-dimensional data. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Jonathan D. Young , Bryan Andrews , Gregory F. Cooper , Xinghua Lu

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing (NLP), enabling diverse applications by integrating large-scale pre-trained knowledge. However, their static knowledge limits dynamic reasoning over external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Harshad Khadilkar , Abhay Gupta

Discovering and exploiting the causality in deep neural networks (DNNs) are crucial challenges for understanding and reasoning causal effects (CE) on an explainable visual model. "Intervention" has been widely used for recognizing a causal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Chao-Han Huck Yang , Yi-Chieh Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Xiaoli Ma , Yi-Chang James Tsai

We consider the problem of inferring the directed, causal graph from observational data, assuming no hidden confounders. We take an information theoretic approach, and make three main contributions. First, we show how through algorithmic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-07 Alexander Marx , Jilles Vreeken