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Using Rule 126 elementary cellular automaton (ECA) we demonstrate that a chaotic discrete system --- when enriched with memory -- hence exhibits complex dynamics where such space exploits on an ample universe of periodic patterns induced…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2012-12-04 Genaro J. Martinez , Andrew Adamatzky , Juan C. Seck-Tuoh-Mora , Ramon Alonso-Sanz

Cellular automata are a set of computational models in discrete space that have a discrete time evolution defined by neighbourhood rules. They are used to simulate many complex systems in physics and science in general. In this work,…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2023-05-12 Luca Bertolani , Andrea Idini

For a linear system, the response to a stimulus is often superposed by its responses to other decomposed stimuli. In quantum mechanics, a state is the superposition of multiple eigenstates. Here, by taking advantage of the phase difference,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Chen Miao , Shaohua Ma

Discretizing spacetime is often a natural step towards modelling physical systems. For quantum systems, if we also demand a strict bound on the speed of information propagation, we get quantum cellular automata (QCAs). These originally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-02 Terry Farrelly

The minimal memory required to model a given stochastic process - known as the statistical complexity - is a widely adopted quantifier of structure in complexity science. Here, we ask if quantum mechanics can fundamentally change the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-28 Whei Yeap Suen , Jayne Thompson , Andrew J. P. Garner , Vlatko Vedral , Mile Gu

The synchronization of two stochastically coupled one-dimensional cellular automata (CA) is analyzed. It is shown that the transition to synchronization is characterized by a dramatic increase of the statistical complexity of the patterns…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2007-05-23 Juan R. Sánchez , Ricardo López-Ruiz

This paper introduces a new formalism for quantum cellular automata (QCAs), based on evolving tensor products of qubits using local unitary operators. It subsequently uses this formalism to analyze and validate several conjectures, stemming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-03 Ruhi Shah , Jonathan Gorard

We present a diagrammatic method to build up sophisticated cellular automata (CAs) as models of complex physical systems. The diagrams complement the mathematical approach to CA modeling, whose details are also presented here, and allow CAs…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2018-04-03 Vladimir García-Morales

Deep learning techniques have recently demonstrated broad success in predicting complex dynamical systems ranging from turbulence to human speech, motivating broader questions about how neural networks encode and represent dynamical rules.…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2020-01-20 William Gilpin

Layered Cellular Automata (LCA) extends the concept of traditional cellular automata (CA) to model complex systems and phenomena. In LCA, each cell's next state is determined by the interaction of two layers of computation, allowing for…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2023-08-15 Abhishek Dalai

Cellular automata (CA) are discrete-time dynamical systems with local update rules on a lattice. Despite their elementary definition, CA support a wide spectrum of macroscopic phenomena central to statistical physics: equilibrium and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-31 Mihir Metkar , Neha Sah , Yichen Zhou

We explore the emergence of intelligent behavior in artificial systems by investigating how the complexity of rule-based systems influences the capabilities of models trained to predict these rules. Our study focuses on elementary cellular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shiyang Zhang , Aakash Patel , Syed A Rizvi , Nianchen Liu , Sizhuang He , Amin Karbasi , Emanuele Zappala , David van Dijk

Elementary cellular automata (ECA) is a widely studied one-dimensional processing methodology where the successive iteration of the automaton may lead to the recreation of a rich pattern dynamic. Recently, cellular automata have been…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Alejandro Morán , Christiam F. Frasser , Josep L. Rosselló

Biology stores information and computes at the molecular scale, yet the ways in which it does so are often distinct from human-engineered computers. Mapping biological computation onto architectures familiar to computer science remains an…

Biological Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Jan Kocka , Kabir Husain , Jaime Agudo-Canalejo

Computer simulation of observable phenomena is an indispensable tool for engineering new technology, understanding the natural world, and studying human society. Yet the most interesting systems are often complex, such that simulating their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-23 Matthew S. Palsson , Mile Gu , Joseph Ho , Howard M. Wiseman , G. J. Pryde

We overview and compare classifications of elementary cellular automata, including Wolfram's, Wuensche's, Li and Packard, communication complexity, power spectral, topological, surface, compression, lattices, and morphological diversity…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2020-05-05 Genaro J. Martinez

Can we quantify the change of complexity throughout evolutionary processes? We attempt to address this question through an empirical approach. In very general terms, we simulate two simple organisms on a computer that compete over limited…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-01-05 Alyssa Adams , Hector Zenil , Eduardo Hermo Reyes , Joost Joosten

This study focuses on an extended model of a standard cellular automaton (CA) that includes an extra index consisting of a radius that defines a perception area for each cell in addition to the radius defined by the CA rule. Extended…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-12-22 Yoshihiko Kayama

Continuous-time stochastic processes pervade everyday experience, and the simulation of models of these processes is of great utility. Classical models of systems operating in continuous-time must typically track an unbounded amount of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-05 Thomas J. Elliott , Mile Gu

Cellular Automata(CA) is a discrete computing model which provides simple, flexible and efficient platform for simulating complicated systems and performing complex computation based on the neighborhoods information. CA consists of two…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2011-12-12 Debasis Das , Rajiv Misra