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With the advancement of quantum technologies, there is a potential threat to traditional encryption systems based on integer factorization. Therefore, developing techniques for accurately measuring the performance of associated quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-20 Junseo Lee

We present a distributed implementation of Shor's quantum factoring algorithm on a distributed quantum network model. This model provides a means for small capacity quantum computers to work together in such a way as to simulate a large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Anocha Yimsiriwattana , Samuel J. Lomonaco

The assumed computationally difficulty of factoring large integers forms the basis of security for RSA public-key cryptography, which specifically relies on products of two large primes or semi-primes. The best-known factoring algorithms…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-24 Michele Mosca , Sebastian R. Verschoor

Quantum computers pose a fundamental threat to widely deployed public-key cryptosystems, such as RSA and ECC, by enabling efficient integer factorization using Shor's algorithm. Theoretical resource estimates suggest that 2048-bit RSA keys…

The quantum multicomputer consists of a large number of small nodes and a qubus interconnect for creating entangled state between the nodes. The primary metric chosen is the performance of such a system on Shor's algorithm for factoring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rodney Doyle Van Meter

We construct simplified quantum circuits for Shor's order-finding algorithm for composites N given by products of the Fermat primes 3, 5, 17, 257, and 65537. Such composites, including the previously studied case of 15, as well as 51, 85,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-17 Michael R. Geller , Zhongyuan Zhou

These are pedagogical notes on Shor's factoring algorithm, which is a quantum algorithm for factoring very large numbers (of order of hundreds to thousands of bits) in polynomial time. In contrast, all known classical algorithms for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-19 Robert L Singleton

Properties of Shor's algorithm and the related period-finding algorithm could serve as benchmarks for the operation of a quantum computer. Distinctive universal behaviour is expected for the probability for success of the period-finding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-30 E. D. Davis

A quantum processor (QuP) can be used to exploit quantum mechanics to find the prime factors of composite numbers[1]. Compiled versions of Shor's algorithm have been demonstrated on ensemble quantum systems[2] and photonic systems[3-5],…

Quantum-Kit is a graphical desktop application for quantum circuit simulations. Its powerful, memory-efficient computational engine enables large-scale simulations on a desktop. The ability to design hybrid circuits, with both quantum and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-28 Archana Tankasala , Hesameddin Ilatikhameneh

An efficient quantum modular exponentiation method is indispensible for Shor's factoring algorithm. But we find that all descriptions presented by Shor, Nielsen and Chuang, Markov and Saeedi, et al., are flawed. We also remark that some…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-10-09 Zhengjun Cao , Zhenfu Cao , Lihua Liu

Shor's factorisation algorithm is a combination of classical pre- and post-processing and a quantum period finding (QPF) subroutine which allows an exponential speed up over classical factoring algorithms. We consider the stability of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 Simon J. Devitt , Austin G. Fowler , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

Shor's algorithm is one of the most important quantum algorithm proposed by Peter Shor [Proceedings of the 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, 1994, pp. 124--134]. Shor's algorithm can factor a large integer with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-14 Ligang Xiao , Daowen Qiu , Le Luo , Paulo Mateus

This thesis deals with a series of quantum computer implementation issues from the Kane 31P in 28Si architecture to Shor's integer factoring algorithm and beyond. The discussion begins with simulations of the adiabatic Kane CNOT and readout…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Austin G. Fowler

Quantum algorithms face significant challenges due to qubit susceptibility to environmental noise, and quantum error correction typically requires prohibitive resource overhead. This paper proposes that quantum algorithms may possess…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Fusheng Yang , Zhipeng Liang , Zhengzhong Yi , Xuan Wang

We report on the current state of factoring integers on both digital and analog quantum computers. For digital quantum computers, we study the effect of errors for which one can formally prove that Shor's factoring algorithm fails. For…

Very recently, Monz, et al. [arXiv:1507.08852] have reported the demonstration of factoring 15 using a scalable Shor algorithm with an ion-trap quantum computer. In this note, we remark that the report is somewhat misleading because there…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-02 Zhengjun Cao , Lihua Liu

This work presents a generalized period decomposition approach, significantly improving the practical reliability of Shor's quantum factoring algorithm. Although Shor's algorithm theoretically enables polynomial-time integer factorization,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Chih-Chen Liao , Chia-Hsin Liu , Yun-Cheng Tsai

We show that given the order of a single element selected uniformly at random from $\mathbb Z_N^*$, we can with very high probability, and for any integer $N$, efficiently find the complete factorization of $N$ in polynomial time. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-07 Martin Ekerå

In this article we develop an algorithm which computes a divisor of an integer $N$, which is assumed to be neither prime nor the power of a prime. The algorithm uses discrete time heat diffusion on a finite graph. If $N$ has $m$ distinct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-24 Carlos A. Cadavid , Paulina Hoyos , Jay Jorgenson , Lejla Smajlović , Juan D. Vélez