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Related papers: When Word Embeddings Become Endangered

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Lexical gaps are words that do not exist in certain languages. They pose challenges for building multilingual lexical resources, for machine translation, and for cross-lingual transfer. Existing lexical gap detection relies on human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yoonwon Jung , Aaron S. Cohen , Benjamin K. Bergen

Sentence embedding is essential for many NLP tasks, with contrastive learning methods achieving strong performance using annotated datasets like NLI. Yet, the reliance on manual labels limits scalability. Recent studies leverage large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Liyang He , Chenglong Liu , Rui Li , Zhenya Huang , Shulan Ruan , Jun Zhou , Enhong Chen

Recent studies have revealed a security threat to natural language processing (NLP) models, called the Backdoor Attack. Victim models can maintain competitive performance on clean samples while behaving abnormally on samples with a specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Wenkai Yang , Lei Li , Zhiyuan Zhang , Xuancheng Ren , Xu Sun , Bin He

Transformer has demonstrated its great power to learn contextual word representations for multiple languages in a single model. To process multilingual sentences in the model, a learnable vector is usually assigned to each language, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Shengjie Luo , Kaiyuan Gao , Shuxin Zheng , Guolin Ke , Di He , Liwei Wang , Tie-Yan Liu

To extract essential information from complex data, computer scientists have been developing machine learning models that learn low-dimensional representation mode. From such advances in machine learning research, not only computer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Akira Matsui , Emilio Ferrara

How can large language models (LLMs) process and translate endangered languages? Many languages lack a large corpus to train a decent LLM; therefore existing LLMs rarely perform well in unseen, endangered languages. On the contrary, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Kexun Zhang , Yee Man Choi , Zhenqiao Song , Taiqi He , William Yang Wang , Lei Li

We propose a novel generative model to explore both local and global context for joint learning topics and topic-specific word embeddings. In particular, we assume that global latent topics are shared across documents, a word is generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Lixing Zhu , Yulan He , Deyu Zhou

Word embeddings are usually derived from corpora containing text from many individuals, thus leading to general purpose representations rather than individually personalized representations. While personalized embeddings can be useful to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-22 Charles Welch , Jonathan K. Kummerfeld , Verónica Pérez-Rosas , Rada Mihalcea

This paper presents a high-quality dataset for evaluating the quality of Bangla word embeddings, which is a fundamental task in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Despite being the 7th most-spoken language in the world, Bangla…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Mousumi Akter , Souvika Sarkar , Shubhra Kanti Karmaker Santu

Average word embeddings are a common baseline for more sophisticated sentence embedding techniques. However, they typically fall short of the performances of more complex models such as InferSent. Here, we generalize the concept of average…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-13 Andreas Rücklé , Steffen Eger , Maxime Peyrard , Iryna Gurevych

Research in natural language processing commonly assumes that approaches that work well for English and and other widely-used languages are "language agnostic". In high-resource languages, especially those that are analytic, a common…

Embedding matrices are key components in neural natural language processing (NLP) models that are responsible to provide numerical representations of input tokens.\footnote{In this paper words and subwords are referred to as \textit{tokens}…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Krtin Kumar , Peyman Passban , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Yiu Sing Lau , Qun Liu

Word translation is an integral part of language translation. In machine translation, each language is considered a domain with its own word embedding. The alignment between word embeddings allows linking semantically equivalent words in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Antonio H. O. Fonseca , David van Dijk

Word embeddings play a significant role in many modern NLP systems. Since learning one representation per word is problematic for polysemous words and homonymous words, researchers propose to use one embedding per word sense. Their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Qi Li , Tianshi Li , Baobao Chang

Word embeddings are a basic building block of modern NLP pipelines. Efforts have been made to learn rich, efficient, and interpretable embeddings for large generic datasets available in the public domain. However, these embeddings have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Rishabh Gupta , Rajesh N Rao

Word embeddings typically represent different meanings of a word in a single conflated vector. Empirical analysis of embeddings of ambiguous words is currently limited by the small size of manually annotated resources and by the fact that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh , Katharina Kann , Timothy J. Hazen , Eneko Agirre , Hinrich Schütze

Most unsupervised NLP models represent each word with a single point or single region in semantic space, while the existing multi-sense word embeddings cannot represent longer word sequences like phrases or sentences. We propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Haw-Shiuan Chang , Amol Agrawal , Andrew McCallum

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) rely on contextual embeddings which generate different (continuous) representations for the same token depending on its surrounding context. Nonetheless, words and tokens typically have a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Qitong Wang , Mohammed J. Zaki , Georgios Kollias , Vasileios Kalantzis

Cross-lingual word sense disambiguation (WSD) tackles the challenge of disambiguating ambiguous words across languages given context. The pre-trained BERT embedding model has been proven to be effective in extracting contextual information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Xingran Zhu

Bilingual word embeddings represent words of two languages in the same space, and allow to transfer knowledge from one language to the other without machine translation. The main approach is to train monolingual embeddings first and then…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-24 J. Goikoetxea , A. Soroa , E. Agirre