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Related papers: FastMoE: A Fast Mixture-of-Expert Training System

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Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) is a neural architecture design that can be utilized to add learnable parameters to Large Language Models (LLMs) without increasing inference cost. Instruction tuning is a technique for training LLMs to…

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models can reduce computational costs by 2-4$\times$ compared to dense models without sacrificing performance, making them more efficient in computation-bounded scenarios. However, MoE models generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Bowen Pan , Yikang Shen , Haokun Liu , Mayank Mishra , Gaoyuan Zhang , Aude Oliva , Colin Raffel , Rameswar Panda

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models improve transformer efficiency but lack a unified theoretical explanation, especially when both feed-forward and attention layers are allowed to specialize. To this end, we study the Mixture-of-Transformers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Hongbo Li , Qinhang Wu , Sen Lin , Yingbin Liang , Ness B. Shroff

The emergence of large-scale Mixture of Experts (MoE) models represents a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, offering enhanced model capacity and computational efficiency through conditional computation. However, deploying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Jiacheng Liu , Peng Tang , Wenfeng Wang , Yuhang Ren , Xiaofeng Hou , Pheng-Ann Heng , Minyi Guo , Chao Li

As Large Language Models (LLMs) push the boundaries of AI capabilities, their demand for data is growing. Much of this data is private and distributed across edge devices, making Federated Learning (FL) a de-facto alternative for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Hanzi Mei , Dongqi Cai , Ao Zhou , Shangguang Wang , Mengwei Xu

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture is crucial for scaling large language models, but its scalability is severely limited by inter-GPU communication bottlenecks in multi-GPU systems. Although overlapping communication with computation…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zhuoshan Zhou , Chen Zhang , Shuyi Zhang , Qijun Zhang , Haibo Wang , Zhe Zhou , Zhipeng Tu , Guangyu Sun , Yijia Diao , Zhigang Ji , Jingwen Leng , Guanghui He , Minyi Guo

Despite rapid progress in LLM-based code generation, existing models are predominantly trained on imperative languages, leaving functional programming languages (FPLs) such as Haskell, OCaml, and Scala chronically underexplored, with even…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Loc Pham , Lang Hong Nguyet Anh , Thanh Le-Cong

Hard-parameter sharing is a common strategy to train a single model jointly across diverse tasks. However, this often leads to task interference, impeding overall model performance. To address the issue, we propose a simple yet effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Hojun Jin , Eunsoo Hong , Ziwon Hyung , Sungjun Lim , Seungjin Lee , Keunseok Cho

Sparsely Mixture of Experts (MoE) has received great interest due to its promising scaling capability with affordable computational overhead. MoE converts dense layers into sparse experts, and utilizes a gated routing network to make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Yuan Xie , Shaohan Huang , Tianyu Chen , Furu Wei

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has emerged as a promising approach to mitigate the rising computational costs of large language models (LLMs) by selectively activating parameters. However, its high memory requirements and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jehyeon Bang , Eunyeong Cho , Ranggi Hwang , Jinha Chung , Minsoo Rhu

We propose a novel adaptive Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) framework for time series forecasting that enhances expert specialization by incorporating expert-specific loss information directly into the training process. Notably, the overall…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-12 Btissame El Mahtout , Florian Ziel

Recently, Mixture-of-Experts (short as MoE) architecture has achieved remarkable success in increasing the model capacity of large-scale language models. However, MoE requires incorporating significantly more parameters than the base model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Ze-Feng Gao , Peiyu Liu , Wayne Xin Zhao , Zhong-Yi Lu , Ji-Rong Wen

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures power the majority of frontier large language models, but their inference is bottlenecked by irregular memory access patterns and expert routing overhead. Existing optimized MoE kernels (Megablocks,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Subhadip Mitra

The increasing demand for deploying large Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models in resource-constrained environments necessitates efficient approaches to address their high memory and computational requirements challenges. Moreover, given that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-10 HamidReza Imani , Abdolah Amirany , Tarek El-Ghazawi

The sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture of large language models (LLMs) confronts an inherent issue of load imbalance arising from the simplistic linear router strategy, which ultimately causes the instability and inefficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ting Bai , Yue Yu , Le Huang , Zenan Xu , Chuan Shi

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models dramatically expand model capacity and achieve remarkable performance without increasing per-token compute. However, can MoEs surpass dense architectures under strictly equal resource constraints --…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Houyi Li , Ka Man Lo , Shijie Xuyang , Ziqi Wang , Wenzhen Zheng , Haocheng Zhang , Zhao Li , Shuigeng Zhou , Xiangyu Zhang , Daxin Jiang

Mixture of Experts (MoE) has become a key architectural paradigm for efficiently scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) by selectively activating a subset of parameters for each input token. However, standard MoE architectures face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zehua Liu , Han Wu , Ruifeng She , Xiaojin Fu , Xiongwei Han , Tao Zhong , Mingxuan Yuan

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for scaling model capacity while preserving computational efficiency. Despite its notable success in large language models (LLMs), existing attempts to apply MoE to Diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yujie Wei , Shiwei Zhang , Hangjie Yuan , Yujin Han , Zhekai Chen , Jiayu Wang , Difan Zou , Xihui Liu , Yingya Zhang , Yu Liu , Hongming Shan

Large language models (LLMs) encounter significant adaptation challenges in diverse multitask finetuning. Mixture-of-experts (MoE) provides a promising solution with a dynamic architecture, enabling effective task decoupling. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Rongyu Zhang , Yijiang Liu , Huanrui Yang , Shenli Zheng , Dan Wang , Yuan Du , Li Du , Shanghang Zhang

In this paper, we aim to build a robust question answering system that can adapt to out-of-domain datasets. A single network may overfit to the superficial correlation in the training distribution, but with a meaningful number of expert…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Yu Qing Zhou , Xixuan Julie Liu , Yuanzhe Dong
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