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We introduce a novel interpretable tree based algorithm for prediction in a regression setting. Our motivation is to estimate the unknown regression function from a functional decomposition perspective in which the functional components…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-04 Munir Hiabu , Enno Mammen , Joseph T. Meyer

Random Forest is a machine learning method that offers many advantages, including the ability to easily measure variable importance. Class balancing technique is a well-known solution to deal with class imbalance problem. However, it has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-19 Yunbi Nam , Sunwoo Han

Random forests (RFs) are among the most popular supervised learning algorithms due to their nonlinear flexibility and ease-of-use. However, as black box models, they can only be interpreted via algorithmically-defined feature importance…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-26 Abhineet Agarwal , Ana M. Kenney , Yan Shuo Tan , Tiffany M. Tang , Bin Yu

Random forest is effective for prediction tasks but the randomness of tree generation hinders interpretability in feature importance analysis. To address this, we proposed DT-Sampler, a SAT-based method for measuring feature importance in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Chao Huang , Diptesh Das , Koji Tsuda

An increasing array of biomedical and computer vision applications requires the predictive modeling of complex data, for example images and shapes. The main challenge when predicting such objects lies in the fact that they do not comply to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-02-17 Dimosthenis Tsagkrasoulis , Giovanni Montana

We propose a computationally efficient alternative to generalized random forests (GRFs) for estimating heterogeneous effects in large dimensions. While GRFs rely on a gradient-based splitting criterion, which in large dimensions is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-18 David Fleischer , David A. Stephens , Archer Y. Yang

As a flexible nonparametric learning tool, the random forests algorithm has been widely applied to various real applications with appealing empirical performance, even in the presence of high-dimensional feature space. Unveiling the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-27 Chien-Ming Chi , Patrick Vossler , Yingying Fan , Jinchi Lv

The wealth of data being gathered about humans and their surroundings drives new machine learning applications in various fields. Consequently, more and more often, classifiers are trained using not only numerical data but also complex data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Maciej Piernik , Dariusz Brzezinski , Pawel Zawadzki

This paper introduces and develops a novel variable importance score function in the context of ensemble learning and demonstrates its appeal both theoretically and empirically. Our proposed score function is simple and more straightforward…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-01-27 Ernest Fokoué

We propose a modification that corrects for split-improvement variable importance measures in Random Forests and other tree-based methods. These methods have been shown to be biased towards increasing the importance of features with more…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-25 Zhengze Zhou , Giles Hooker

We discuss estimation and inference of conditional treatment effects in regression discontinuity (RD) designs with multiple scores. In addition to local linear regressions and the minimax-optimal estimator more recently proposed by Imbens…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-06-10 Yiqi Liu , Yuan Qi

Tree-based ensembles such as random forests remain the go-to for tabular data over deep learning models due to their prediction performance and computational efficiency. These advantages have led to their widespread deployment in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zhongyuan Liang , Zachary T. Rewolinski , Abhineet Agarwal , Tiffany M. Tang , Bin Yu

Standard supervised learning procedures are validated against a test set that is assumed to have come from the same distribution as the training data. However, in many problems, the test data may have come from a different distribution. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-28 Tim Coleman , Kimberly Kaufeld , Mary Frances Dorn , Lucas Mentch

Time-varying covariates are often available in survival studies and estimation of the hazard function needs to be updated as new information becomes available. In this paper, we investigate several different easy-to-implement ways that…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-04 Hoora Moradian , Weichi Yao , Denis Larocque , Jeffrey S. Simonoff , Halina Frydman

The Distributional Random Forest (DRF) is a recently introduced Random Forest algorithm to estimate multivariate conditional distributions. Due to its general estimation procedure, it can be employed to estimate a wide range of targets such…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-20 Jeffrey Näf , Corinne Emmenegger , Peter Bühlmann , Nicolai Meinshausen

Random forests is a state-of-the-art supervised machine learning method which behaves well in high-dimensional settings although some limitations may happen when $p$, the number of predictors, is much larger than the number of observations…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-01 Louis Capitaine , Robin Genuer , Rodolphe Thiébaut

Feature selection is a critical step in high-dimensional classification tasks, particularly under challenging conditions of double imbalance, namely settings characterized by both class imbalance in the response variable and dimensional…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-13 Fabio Demaria

This paper examines from an experimental perspective random forests, the increasingly used statistical method for classification and regression problems introduced by Leo Breiman in 2001. It first aims at confirming, known but sparse,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2008-11-24 Robin Genuer , Jean-Michel Poggi , Christine Tuleau

Variable selection in sparse regression models is an important task as applications ranging from biomedical research to econometrics have shown. Especially for higher dimensional regression problems, for which the link function between…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-10 Burim Ramosaj , Markus Pauly

Feature and Interaction Importance (FII) methods are essential in supervised learning for assessing the relevance of input variables and their interactions in complex prediction models. In many domains, such as personalized medicine, local…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-15 Kata Vuk , Nicolas Alexander Ihlo , Merle Behr