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Large-scale low-Earth-orbit satellite constellations offer a promising platform for global low-latency networking, aided by faster propagation in free space than in fiber and copper. In such systems, end-to-end latency is largely determined…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Arman Mollakhani , Jerayu Tiamraj , Shu-Jie Cao , Dongning Guo

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) employ inter-satellite links (ISLs) to reduce dependency on ground stations, enabling precise ranging and communication across satellites. Beyond their traditional role, ISLs can support extended…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-28 Huan Yan , Juan A. Fraire , Ziqi Yang , Kanglian Zhao , Wenfeng Li , Xiyun Hou , Haohan Li , Yuxuan Miao , Jinjun Zheng , Chengbin Kang , Huichao Zhou , Xinuo Chang , Lu Wang

End-to-end latency in large low-Earth-orbit (LEO) constellations is dominated by propagation delay, making total delay roughly proportional to the network diameter, the longest shortest path in hops. Current inter-satellite link (ISL)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Arman Mollakhani , Jerayu Tiamraj , Shu-Jie Cao , Dongning Guo

Satellite networks provide communication services to global users with an uneven geographical distribution. In densely populated regions, Inter-satellite links (ISLs) often experience congestion, blocking traffic from other links and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Hao Wu

Utilizing Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks equipped with Inter-Satellite Links (ISL) is envisioned to provide lower delay compared to traditional optical networks. However, LEO satellites have constrained energy resources as they…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Kosta Dakic , Chiu Chun Chan , Bassel Al Homssi , Kandeepan Sithamparanathan , Akram Al-Hourani

The performance of large-scale Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) networks, which consist of thousands of satellites interconnected by optical links, is dependent on its network topology. Existing topology designs often assume idealized conditions and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Muaz Ali , Beichuan Zhang

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations combine great flexibility and global coverage with short propagation delays when compared to satellites deployed in higher orbits. However, the fast movement of the individual satellites makes…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Jonas W. Rabjerg , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Beatriz Soret , Petar Popovski

Deploying satellites at Earth-Moon Libration Points (LPs) addresses the inherent deep-space coverage gaps of low-altitude GNSS constellations. Integrating LP satellites with GNSS into a joint constellation enables a more robust and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-29 Huan Yan , Juan A. Fraire , Ziqi Yang , Kanglian Zhao , Wenfeng Li , Xiyun Hou , Haohan Li , Yuxuan Miao , Jinjun Zheng , Chengbin Kang , Huichao Zhou , Xinuo Chang , Lu Wang , Linshan Xue

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite mega constellations are beginning to include laser inter-satellite links (LISLs) to extend the Internet to the most remote locations on Earth. Since the process of establishing these links incurs a setup…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Dhiraj Bhattacharjee , Pablo G. Madoery , Aizaz U. Chaudhry , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Gunes Karabulut Kurt , Peng Hu , Khaled Ahmed , Stephane Martel

Topological design of terrestrial networks for communication via satellites is studied in the paper. Quantitative model of the network cost-analysis minimizing the total transmission and switching cost is described. Several algorithms…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2010-02-19 Boris S. Verkhovsky

Multi-layer ultra-dense satellite networks (MLUDSNs) have soared this meteoric to provide vast throughputd for globally diverse services. Differing from traditional monolayer constellations, MLUDSNs emphasize the spatial integration among…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Qi Hao , Di Zhou , Min Sheng , Yan Shi , Jiandong Li

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are rapidly gaining traction today. Although several real-world deployments exist, our preliminary analysis of LEO topology performance with the soon-to-be operational Inter-Satellite Links (ISLs)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Wenyi Zhang , Zihan Xu , Sangeetha Abdu Jyothi

With the increasing attention to the integrated satellite-terrestrial networks (ISTNs), the satellite gateway placement problem becomes of paramount importance. The resulting network performance may vary depending on the different design…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Nariman Torkzaban , Anousheh Gholami , Chrysa Papagianni , John S. Baras

The design and comparison of satellite-terrestrial routing (STR) and inter-satellite routing (ISR) in low Earth orbit satellite constellations is a widely discussed topic. The signal propagation distance under STR is generally longer than…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Ruibo Wang , Mustafa A. Kishk , Howard H. Yang , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Satellite communication systems are the means of realizing a global broadband integrated services digital network. Due to the statistical nature of the integrated services traffic, the resulting rate fluctuations and burstiness render…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Sonia Fahmy , Raj Jain , Fang Lu , Shivkumar Kalyanaraman

We consider a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite network with each satellite capable of establishing inter-satellite link (ISL) connections for satellite-to-satellite communication. Since ISLs can be reoriented to change the topology, we…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Chirag Rao , Eytan Modiano

With the explosive deployment of non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), the computational complexity of network performance analysis is rapidly escalating. As one of the most suitable mathematical tools for analyzing large-scale network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Ruibo Wang , Baha Eddine Youcef Belmekki , Howard H. Yang , Mohamed Slim Alouini

In a sensor network, in practice, the communication among sensors is subject to:(1) errors or failures at random times; (3) costs; and(2) constraints since sensors and networks operate under scarce resources, such as power, data rate, or…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-11-13 Soummya Kar , Jose M. F. Moura

With the current trend towards low Earth orbit mega-constellations with inter-satellite links, efficient routing in such highly dynamic space-borne networks is becoming increasingly important. Due to the distinct network topology,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Manuel M. H. Roth , Hartmut Brandt , Hermann Bischl

In traditional topology optimization, the computing time required to iteratively update the material distribution within a design domain strongly depends on the complexity or size of the problem, limiting its application in real engineering…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Gabriel Garayalde , Matteo Torzoni , Matteo Bruggi , Alberto Corigliano
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