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A Revival of the South Equatorial Belt (SEB) is an organised disturbance on a grand scale. It starts with a single vigorous outbreak from which energetic storms and disturbances spread around the planet in the different zonal currents. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-12 John H. Rogers

Jupiter's fast rotation - one rotation over 10 hours - creates strong jet streams, smearing its clouds into linear bands of dark and light zonal belts that circle the planet on lines of almost constant latitude. Such a high degree of…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2014-07-16 Alireza Hadjighasem , George Haller

We observed Jupiter four times over a full rotation (10 hrs) with the upgraded Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) between December 2013 and December 2014. Preliminary results at 4-17 GHz were presented in de Pater et al. (2016); in the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-21 I. de Pater , R. J. Sault , M. H. Wong , L. N. Fletcher , D. DeBoer , B. Butler

We present three-dimensional (3D) maps of Jupiter's atmospheric circulation at cloud-top level from Doppler-imaging data obtained in the visible domain with JIVE, the second node of the JOVIAL network, which is mounted on the Dunn Solar…

We examine Saturn's atmosphere with observations from ground-based telescopes and Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We present a detailed analysis of observations acquired during 2018. A system of polar storms that appeared in the planet in…

Using images at multiple mid-infrared wavelengths, acquired in May 2018 using the VISIR instrument on ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT), we study Jupiter's pole-to-pole thermal, chemical and aerosol structure in the troposphere and…

Jupiter's Grat Red Spot (GRS) is the largest and longest-lived vortex of all solar system planets but its lifetime is debated and its formation mechanism remains hidden. G. D. Cassini discovered in 1665 the presence of a dark oval at the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-21 Agustín Sánchez-Lavega , Enrique García-Melendo , Jon Legarreta , Arnau Miró , Manel Soria , Kevin Ahrens-Velásquez

The $24^{\circ}$ N jet borders the North Tropical Belt and North Tropical Zone, and is the fastest prograde jet on Jupiter, reaching speeds above $170$ m/s. In this region, observations have shown several periodic convective plumes, likely…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-22 Ramanakumar Sankar , Chloe Klare , Csaba Palotai

Juno Microwave Radiometer (MWR) observations of Jupiter's mid-latitudes reveal a strong correlation between brightness temperature contrasts and zonal winds, confirming that the banded structure extends throughout the troposphere. However,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-28 L. N. Fletcher , F. A. Oyafuso , M. Allison , A. Ingersoll , L. Li , Y. Kaspi , E. Galanti , M. H. Wong , G. S. Orton , K. Duer , Z. Zhang , C. Li , T. Guillot , S. M. Levin , S. Bolton

Towering storms, swirling clouds, and vortices are the cloud tops manifestation of complex weather systems shaping the atmosphere of Jupiter. We use observations from Juno's MicroWave Radiometer (MWR), the Very Large Array (VLA) and the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-15 Chris Moeckel , Imke de Pater , Bob Sault , Bryan Butler

Over the last eight years, a rich dataset of mid-infrared CH4 observations from the TEXES instrument at IRTF has been used to characterize the thermal evolution of Jupiter's stratosphere. These data were used to produce vertically-resolved…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-30 Rohini S Giles , Thomas K Greathouse , Richard G Cosentino , Glenn S Orton , John H Lacy

Observations of planets throughout our Solar System have revealed that the Earth is not alone in possessing natural, inter-annual atmospheric cycles. The equatorial middle atmospheres of the Earth, Jupiter and Saturn all exhibit a…

Knowing the composition of Jupiter's atmosphere is crucial for constraining Jupiter's bulk metallicity and formation history. Yet, constraining Jupiter's atmospheric water abundance is challenging due to its potential non-uniform…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-01 Huazhi Ge , Cheng Li , Xi Zhang , Andrew P. Ingersoll , Sihe Chen

Since 2013, observations of Neptune with small telescopes have resulted in several detections of long-lived bright atmospheric features that have also been observed by large telescopes such as Keck II or Hubble. The combination of both…

Hot Jupiters receive intense incident stellar light on their daysides, which drives vigorous atmospheric circulation that attempts to erase their large dayside-to-nightside flux contrasts. Propagating waves and instabilities in hot Jupiter…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-01 Thaddeus D. Komacek , Adam P. Showman

An essential component of planetary climatology is knowledge of the tropospheric temperature field and its variability. Previous studies of Jupiter hinted at periodic behavior that was non-seasonal, as well as dynamical relationships…

Juno Mission to Jupiter has found closely-packed cyclones at the planet's two poles. The observation that these cyclones coexist in very confined space, with outer rims almost touching each other but without merging, poses a big puzzle. In…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-17 Tao Cai , Kwing L. Chan , Hans G. Mayr

Jupiter's atmosphere-interior is a coupled fluid dynamical system strongly influenced by the rapid background rotation. While the visible atmosphere features east-west zonal winds on the order of 100 m/s (Tollefson et al. 2017), zonal flows…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-11 Hao Cao , Jeremy Bloxham , Ryan S. Park , Burkhard Militzer , Rakesh K. Yadav , Laura Kulowski , David J. Stevenson , Scott J. Bolton

Most of the objects in the trans-Neptunian belt (TNb) and related populations move in prograde orbits with low eccentricity and inclination. However, the list of icy minor bodies moving in orbits with an inclination above 40 deg. has…

Brown dwarfs and directly imaged giant planets exhibit significant evidence for active atmospheric circulation, which induces a large-scale patchiness in the cloud structure that evolves significantly over time, as evidenced by infrared…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-25 Adam P. Showman , Xianyu Tan , Xi Zhang