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Related papers: Representing Numbers in NLP: a Survey and a Vision

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The mathematical representation of semantics is a key issue for Natural Language Processing (NLP). A lot of research has been devoted to finding ways of representing the semantics of individual words in vector spaces. Distributional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-11-13 Karl Moritz Hermann

Recent advances in Deep Learning have led to a significant performance increase on several NLP tasks, however, the models become more and more computationally demanding. Therefore, this paper tackles the domain of computationally efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Pedro Alonso , Kumar Shridhar , Denis Kleyko , Evgeny Osipov , Marcus Liwicki

Large language models (LLMs) frequently make errors when handling even simple numerical problems, such as comparing two small numbers. A natural hypothesis is that these errors stem from how LLMs represent numbers, and specifically, whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Amit Arnold Levy , Mor Geva

Word embeddings are rich word representations, which in combination with deep neural networks, lead to large performance gains for many NLP tasks. However, word embeddings are represented by dense, real-valued vectors and they are therefore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Andreas Hanselowski , Iryna Gurevych

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is an established and dynamic field. Despite this, what constitutes NLP research remains debated. In this work, we address the question by quantitatively examining NLP research papers. We propose a taxonomy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Aniket Pramanick , Yufang Hou , Saif M. Mohammad , Iryna Gurevych

While neural networks have been successfully applied to many NLP tasks the resulting vector-based models are very difficult to interpret. For example it's not clear how they achieve {\em compositionality}, building sentence meaning from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-01-11 Jiwei Li , Xinlei Chen , Eduard Hovy , Dan Jurafsky

Several popular Transformer based language models have been found to be successful for text-driven brain encoding. However, existing literature leverages only pretrained text Transformer models and has not explored the efficacy of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Subba Reddy Oota , Jashn Arora , Veeral Agarwal , Mounika Marreddy , Manish Gupta , Bapi Raju Surampudi

As NLP tools become ubiquitous in today's technological landscape, they are increasingly applied to languages with a variety of typological structures. However, NLP research does not focus primarily on typological differences in its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Sophie Groenwold , Samhita Honnavalli , Lily Ou , Aesha Parekh , Sharon Levy , Diba Mirza , William Yang Wang

NLP tasks differ in the semantic information they require, and at this time no single se- mantic representation fulfills all requirements. Logic-based representations characterize sentence structure, but do not capture the graded aspect of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-09 I. Beltagy , Stephen Roller , Pengxiang Cheng , Katrin Erk , Raymond J. Mooney

The association between language and (non-linguistic) thinking ability in humans has long been debated, and recently, neuroscientific evidence of brain activity patterns has been considered. Such a scientific context naturally raises an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Riku Kisako , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Ryohei Sasano

A growing effort in NLP aims to build datasets of human explanations. However, the term explanation encompasses a broad range of notions, each with different properties and ramifications. Our goal is to provide an overview of diverse types…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Chenhao Tan

Representing the semantics of linguistic items in a machine-interpretable form has been a major goal of Natural Language Processing since its earliest days. Among the range of different linguistic items, words have attracted the most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-04 José Camacho-Collados , Ignacio Iacobacci , Roberto Navigli , Mohammad Taher Pilehvar

Numbers are a basic part of how humans represent and describe the world around them. As a consequence, learning effective representations of numbers is critical for the success of large language models as they become more integrated into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Raja Marjieh , Veniamin Veselovsky , Thomas L. Griffiths , Ilia Sucholutsky

Like most of NLP, models for human-centered NLP tasks -- tasks attempting to assess author-level information -- predominantly use representations derived from hidden states of Transformer-based LLMs. However, what component of the LM is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Nikita Soni , Pranav Chitale , Khushboo Singh , Niranjan Balasubramanian , H. Andrew Schwartz

The concept of diversity has received increasing attention in natural language processing (NLP) in recent years. It became an advocated property of datasets and systems, and many measures are used to quantify it. However, it is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Louis Estève , Marie-Catherine de Marneffe , Nurit Melnik , Agata Savary , Olha Kanishcheva

Despite its centrality in the philosophy of cognitive science, there has been little prior philosophical work engaging with the notion of representation in contemporary NLP practice. This paper attempts to fill that lacuna: drawing on ideas…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Jacqueline Harding

Neural networks models for NLP are typically implemented without the explicit encoding of language rules and yet they are able to break one performance record after another. This has generated a lot of research interest in interpreting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Mariya Toneva , Leila Wehbe

Researchers have relegated natural language processing tasks to Transformer-type models, particularly generative models, because these models exhibit high versatility when performing generation and classification tasks. As the size of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Fabio Yáñez-Romero , Andrés Montoyo , Armando Suárez , Yoan Gutiérrez , Ruslan Mitkov

In human-level NLP tasks, such as predicting mental health, personality, or demographics, the number of observations is often smaller than the standard 768+ hidden state sizes of each layer within modern transformer-based language models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Adithya V Ganesan , Matthew Matero , Aravind Reddy Ravula , Huy Vu , H. Andrew Schwartz

When applying machine learning to problems in NLP, there are many choices to make about how to represent input texts. These choices can have a big effect on performance, but they are often uninteresting to researchers or practitioners who…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Dani Yogatama , Noah A. Smith