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Related papers: Vulnerability of Appearance-based Gaze Estimation

200 papers

Developing gaze estimation models that generalize well to unseen domains and in-the-wild conditions remains a challenge with no known best solution. This is mostly due to the difficulty of acquiring ground truth data that cover the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Evangelos Ververas , Polydefkis Gkagkos , Jiankang Deng , Michail Christos Doukas , Jia Guo , Stefanos Zafeiriou

Although recent gaze estimation methods lay great emphasis on attentively extracting gaze-relevant features from facial or eye images, how to define features that include gaze-relevant components has been ambiguous. This obscurity makes the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Isack Lee , Jun-Seok Yun , Hee Hyeon Kim , Youngju Na , Seok Bong Yoo

Accurately knowing uncertainties in appearance-based gaze tracking is critical for ensuring reliable downstream applications. Due to the lack of individual uncertainty labels, current uncertainty-aware approaches adopt probabilistic models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Qiaojie Zheng , Jiucai Zhang , Xiaoli Zhang

This paper presents a method for gaze estimation according to face images. We train several gaze estimators adopting four different network architectures, including an architecture designed for gaze estimation (i.e.,iTracker-MHSA) and three…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Xin Cai , Boyu Chen , Jiabei Zeng , Jiajun Zhang , Yunjia Sun , Xiao Wang , Zhilong Ji , Xiao Liu , Xilin Chen , Shiguang Shan

Human eye gaze estimation is an important cognitive ingredient for successful human-robot interaction, enabling the robot to read and predict human behavior. We approach this problem using artificial neural networks and build a modular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Dmytro Herashchenko , Igor Farkaš

Along with the recent development of deep neural networks, appearance-based gaze estimation has succeeded considerably when training and testing within the same domain. Compared to the within-domain task, the variance of different domains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Jiawei Qin , Takuru Shimoyama , Xucong Zhang , Yusuke Sugano

Automatic eye gaze estimation has interested researchers for a while now. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised learning based method for estimating the eye gaze region. To train the proposed network "Ize-Net" in self-supervised manner,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Neeru Dubey , Shreya Ghosh , Abhinav Dhall

Appearance-based gaze estimation frequently relies on deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). These models are accurate, but computationally expensive and act as "black boxes", offering little interpretability. Geometric methods based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Daniele Agostinelli , Thomas Agostinelli , Andrea Generosi , Maura Mengoni

Deep learning has become an integral part of various computer vision systems in recent years due to its outstanding achievements for object recognition, facial recognition, and scene understanding. However, deep neural networks (DNNs) are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Nima Mirnateghi , Syed Afaq Ali Shah , Mohammed Bennamoun

Latest gaze estimation methods require large-scale training data but their collection and exchange pose significant privacy risks. We propose PrivatEyes - the first privacy-enhancing training approach for appearance-based gaze estimation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Mayar Elfares , Pascal Reisert , Zhiming Hu , Wenwu Tang , Ralf Küsters , Andreas Bulling

Deep neural network (DNN) architecture based models have high expressive power and learning capacity. However, they are essentially a black box method since it is not easy to mathematically formulate the functions that are learned within…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-02 Gaurav Goswami , Nalini Ratha , Akshay Agarwal , Richa Singh , Mayank Vatsa

Deep neural networks have demonstrated superior performance on appearance-based gaze estimation tasks. However, due to variations in person, illuminations, and background, performance degrades dramatically when applying the model to a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Ruicong Liu , Yiwei Bao , Mingjie Xu , Haofei Wang , Yunfei Liu , Feng Lu

The complex application scenarios have raised critical requirements for precise and generalizable gaze estimation methods. Recently, the pre-trained CLIP has achieved remarkable performance on various vision tasks, but its potentials have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Lin Zhang , Yi Tian , XiYun Wang , Wanru Xu , Yi Jin , Yaping Huang

Deep learning-based appearance gaze estimation methods are gaining popularity due to their high accuracy and fewer constraints from the environment. However, existing high-precision models often rely on deeper networks, leading to problems…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhang Cheng , Yanxia Wang

The non-intrusive nature and high accuracy of face recognition algorithms have led to their successful deployment across multiple applications ranging from border access to mobile unlocking and digital payments. However, their vulnerability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Nilay Sanghvi , Sushant Kumar Singh , Akshay Agarwal , Mayank Vatsa , Richa Singh

Face swapping combines one face's identity with another face's non-appearance attributes (expression, head pose, lighting) to generate a synthetic face. This technology is rapidly improving, but falls flat when reconstructing some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Ethan Wilson , Frederick Shic , Eakta Jain

Introduction: In the realm of human-computer interaction and behavioral research, accurate real-time gaze estimation is critical. Traditional methods often rely on expensive equipment or large datasets, which are impractical in many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Esther Enhui Ye , John Enzhou Ye , Joseph Ye , Jacob Ye , Runzhou Ye

This study evaluates a smartphone-based, deep-learning eye-tracking algorithm by comparing its performance against a commercial infrared-based eye tracker, the Tobii Pro Nano. The aim is to investigate the feasibility of appearance-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Nishan Gunawardena , Gough Yumu Lui , Bahman Javadi , Jeewani Anupama Ginige

Although the number of gaze estimation datasets is growing, the application of appearance-based gaze estimation methods is mostly limited to estimating the point of gaze on a screen. This is in part because most datasets are generated in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Cedric Leblond-Menard , Gabriel Picard-Krashevski , Sofiane Achiche

Gaze estimation methods estimate gaze from facial appearance with a single camera. However, due to the limited view of a single camera, the captured facial appearance cannot provide complete facial information and thus complicate the gaze…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Yihua Cheng , Feng Lu