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An automated market maker (AMM) provides a method for creating a decentralized exchange on the blockchain. For this purpose, individual investors lend liquidity to the AMM pool in exchange for a stream of fees earned from its operations as…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-30 Maxim Bichuch , Zachary Feinstein

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are a central component of decentralized exchanges, yet their equilibrium foundations and microeconomic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This paper develops a dynamic equilibrium framework for…

General Economics · Economics 2026-03-10 Chengqi Zang , Zhenghui Wang , Weitong Zhang

Decentralized finance (DeFi) markets spread across Layer-1 (L1) and Layer-2 (L2) blockchains rely on arbitrage to keep prices aligned. Today most price gaps are closed against centralized exchanges (CEXes), whose deep liquidity and fast…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Burak Öz , Christof Ferreira Torres , Christoph Schlegel , Bruno Mazorra , Jonas Gebele , Filip Rezabek , Florian Matthes

Decentralized Finance (DeFi), a blockchain powered peer-to-peer financial system, is mushrooming. Two years ago the total value locked in DeFi systems was approximately 700m USD, now, as of April 2022, it stands at around 150bn USD. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Sam M. Werner , Daniel Perez , Lewis Gudgeon , Ariah Klages-Mundt , Dominik Harz , William J. Knottenbelt

We study decentralized markets for goods whose utility perishes in time, with compute as a primary motivation. Recent advances in reproducible and verifiable execution allow jobs to pause, verify, and resume across heterogeneous hardware,…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-11-21 Chengqi Zang , Gabriel P. Andrade , Oğuzhan Ersoy

Automated market makers (AMMs) are a new type of trading venues which are revolutionising the way market participants interact. At present, the majority of AMMs are constant function market makers (CFMMs) where a deterministic trading…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-25 Marcello Monga

Decentralized exchanges are widely used platforms for trading crypto assets. The most common types work with automated market makers (AMM), allowing traders to exchange assets without needing to find matching counterparties. Thereby,…

General Economics · Economics 2024-02-12 Matthias Hafner , Helmut Dietl

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) services are moving traditional financial operations to the Internet of Value (IOV) by exploiting smart contracts, distributed ledgers, and clever heterogeneous transactions among different protocols. The…

General Economics · Economics 2023-07-18 Teng Andrea Xu , Jiahua Xu

Decentralized exchanges (DEXes) have evolved dramatically since the introduction of Automated Market Makers (AMMs). In recent years, solver-based protocols have emerged as an alternative venue aiming to introduce competition for routing,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Yuki Yuminaga , Dex Chen , Danning Sui

User transactions on Ethereum's peer-to-peer network are at risk of being attacked. The smart contracts building decentralized finance (DeFi) have introduced a new transaction ordering dependency to the Ethereum blockchain. As a result,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Lioba Heimbach , Roger Wattenhofer

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are essential in Decentralized Finance (DeFi) as they match liquidity supply with demand. They function through liquidity providers (LPs) who deposit assets into liquidity pools. However, the asset trading…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-01 Viraj Nadkarni , Sanjeev Kulkarni , Pramod Viswanath

We analyze the market quality of centralized crypto exchanges (CEXs) and decentralized blockchain-based venues (DEXs) using a unique and comprehensive dataset. Focusing on two fundamental aspects, transaction costs and deviations from the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-09-16 Andrea Barbon , Angelo Ranaldo

In this paper, we will consider a governance token pricing algorithm that conducts liquidity operations on AMM (CPMM) DEXs (automated market maker decentralized exchanges) with liquidity that belongs to a decentralized autonomous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Aleksei Pupyshev , Ilya Sapranidi , Shamil Khalilov

In this white paper, we propose a blockchain-based system, named AME, which is a decentralized infrastructure and application platform with enhanced security and self-management properties. The AME blockchain technology aims to increase the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Lanny Z. N. Yuan , Huaibing Jian , Peng Liu , Pengxin Zhu , ShanYang Fu

We investigate the most common type of blockchain-based decentralized exchange, which are known as constant function market makers (CFMMs). We examine the the market microstructure around CFMMs and present a model for valuing the liquidity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Richard Dewey , Craig Newbold

Decentralised exchanges (DEXs) have transformed trading by enabling trustless, permissionless transactions, yet they face significant challenges such as impermanent loss and slippage, which undermine profitability for liquidity providers…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-04-10 Oliver Tronn Scott-Simons , Chris Colman , FrostByte

Automated market makers (AMMs) are automata that trade electronic assets at rates set by mathematical formulas. AMMs are usually implemented by smart contracts on blockchains. In practice, AMMs are often composed: and outputs from AMMs can…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Daniel Engel , Maurice Herlihy

Amidst the worldwide efforts to decarbonize power networks, Local Electricity Markets (LEMs) in distribution networks are gaining importance due to the increased adoption of renewable energy sources and prosumers. Considering that LEMs…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-03 Matthias Franke , Ognjen Stanojev , Lesia Mitridati , Gabriela Hug

SPEEDEX is a decentralized exchange (DEX) that lets participants securely trade assets without giving any single party undue control over the market. SPEEDEX offers several advantages over prior DEXes. It achieves high throughput -- over…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Geoffrey Ramseyer , Ashish Goel , David Mazières

We present an automated market-making (AMM) cross-settlement mechanism for digital assets on interoperable blockchains, focusing on central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) and stable coins. We develop an innovative approach for generating…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-09-28 Alex Lipton , Artur Sepp