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The success of modern deep learning is attributed to two key elements: huge amounts of training data and large model sizes. Where a vast amount of data allows the model to learn more features, the large model architecture boosts the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Muhammad Asif Khan , Ridha Hamila , Hamid Menouar

The choice of a proper learning rate is paramount for good Artificial Neural Network training and performance. In the past, one had to rely on experience and trial-and-error to find an adequate learning rate. Presently, a plethora of state…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Pedro Carvalho , Nuno Lourenço , Filipe Assunção , Penousal Machado

In practical applications of iterative first-order optimization, the learning rate schedule remains notoriously difficult to understand and expensive to tune. We demonstrate the presence of these subtleties even in the innocuous case when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Naman Agarwal , Surbhi Goel , Cyril Zhang

The learning rate is one of the most important hyper-parameters for model training and generalization. However, current hand-designed parametric learning rate schedules offer limited flexibility and the predefined schedule may not match the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Zhen Xu , Andrew M. Dai , Jonas Kemp , Luke Metz

Large language models are increasingly trained in continual or open-ended settings, where the total training horizon is not known in advance. Despite this, most existing pretraining recipes are not anytime: they rely on horizon-dependent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Alexandru Meterez , Pranav Ajit Nair , Depen Morwani , Cengiz Pehlevan , Sham Kakade

Questions remain on the robustness of data-driven learning methods when crossing the gap from simulation to reality. We utilize weight anchoring, a method known from continual learning, to cultivate and fixate desired behavior in Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Steffen Gracla , Edgar Beck , Carsten Bockelmann , Armin Dekorsy

Deep Learning (DL) is a machine learning procedure for artificial intelligence that analyzes the input data in detail by increasing neuron sizes and number of the hidden layers. DL has a popularity with the common improvements on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Gokhan Altan , Yakup Kutlu

Deep learning practitioners often operate on a computational and monetary budget. Thus, it is critical to design optimization algorithms that perform well under any budget. The linear learning rate schedule is considered the best…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-12 John Chen , Cameron Wolfe , Anastasios Kyrillidis

A major problem with Active Learning (AL) is high training costs since models are typically retrained from scratch after every query round. We start by demonstrating that standard AL on neural networks with warm starting fails, both to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Arnav Das , Gantavya Bhatt , Megh Bhalerao , Vianne Gao , Rui Yang , Jeff Bilmes

Active learning is able to reduce the amount of labelling effort by using a machine learning model to query the user for specific inputs. While there are many papers on new active learning techniques, these techniques rarely satisfy the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Parmida Atighehchian , Frédéric Branchaud-Charron , Alexandre Lacoste

The choice of learning rate (LR) functions and policies has evolved from a simple fixed LR to the decaying LR and the cyclic LR, aiming to improve the accuracy and reduce the training time of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). This paper presents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Yanzhao Wu , Ling Liu

The goal of active learning is to achieve the same accuracy achievable by passive learning, while using much fewer labels. Exponential savings in terms of label complexity have been proved in very special cases, but fundamental lower bounds…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-01 Yinglun Zhu , Robert Nowak

Bayesian neural networks with latent variables are scalable and flexible probabilistic models: They account for uncertainty in the estimation of the network weights and, by making use of latent variables, can capture complex noise patterns…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-19 Stefan Depeweg , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato , Finale Doshi-Velez , Steffen Udluft

There is a parameter ubiquitous throughout the deep learning world: learning rate. There is likewise a ubiquitous question: what should that learning rate be? The true answer to this question is often tedious and time consuming to obtain,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Xiaomeng Dong , Tao Tan , Michael Potter , Yun-Chan Tsai , Gaurav Kumar , V. Ratna Saripalli , Theodore Trafalis

Learning how to learn efficiently is a fundamental challenge for biological agents and a growing concern for artificial ones. To learn effectively, an agent must regulate its learning speed, balancing the benefits of rapid improvement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Valentina Njaradi , Rodrigo Carrasco-Davis , Peter E. Latham , Andrew Saxe

Machine unlearning aims to erase the impact of specific training samples upon deleted requests from a trained model. Re-training the model on the retained data after deletion is an effective but not efficient way due to the huge number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Sihao Yu , Fei Sun , Jiafeng Guo , Ruqing Zhang , Xueqi Cheng

Batch Normalization is a commonly used trick to improve the training of deep neural networks. These neural networks use L2 regularization, also called weight decay, ostensibly to prevent overfitting. However, we show that L2 regularization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-19 Twan van Laarhoven

Many failures in deep continual and reinforcement learning are associated with increasing magnitudes of the weights, making them hard to change and potentially causing overfitting. While many methods address these learning failures, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Mohamed Elsayed , Qingfeng Lan , Clare Lyle , A. Rupam Mahmood

Training large models is both resource-intensive and time-consuming, making it crucial to understand the quantitative relationship between model performance and hyperparameters. In this paper, we present an empirical law that describes how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Kairong Luo , Haodong Wen , Shengding Hu , Zhenbo Sun , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun , Kaifeng Lyu , Wenguang Chen

Not all examples are created equal, but standard deep neural network training protocols treat each training point uniformly. Each example is propagated forward and backward through the network the same amount of times, independent of how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Niel Teng Hu , Xinyu Hu , Rosanne Liu , Sara Hooker , Jason Yosinski