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Classical simulation of molecular systems is limited by exponential scaling, a hurdle quantum algorithms like Variational Quantum Eigensolvers (VQEs) aim to overcome. Although ADAPT-VQE enhances VQEs by dynamically building ans\"atze, it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Tatiana A. Bespalova , Oumaya Ladhari , Guido Masella

Variational-Quantum-Eigensolver(VQE) method on a quantum computer is a well-known hybrid algorithm to solve the eigenstates and eigenvalues that uses both quantum and classical computers. This method has the potential to solve quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-15 Hikaru Wakaura , Takao Tomono , Shoya Yasuda

Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is demonstrated to be the promising methodology for quantum chemistry based on near-term quantum devices. However, many problems are yet to be investigated for this methodology, such as the influences…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-01-18 Xian-Hu Zha , Chao Zhang , Dengdong Fan , Pengxiang Xu , Shiyu Du , Rui-Qin Zhang , Chen Fu

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a method that uses a hybrid quantum-classical computational approach to find eigenvalues and eigenvalues of a Hamiltonian. VQE has been proposed as an alternative to fully quantum algorithms such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Dmitry A. Fedorov , Bo Peng , Niranjan Govind , Yuri Alexeev

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are a leading approach for near-term quantum computing but face major optimization challenges from noise, barren plateaus, and complex energy landscapes. We benchmarked more than fifty metaheuristic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Vojtěch Novák , Ivan Zelinka , Václav Snášel

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) remains one of the most popular near-term quantum algorithms for solving the electronic structure problem. Yet, for its practicality, the main challenge to overcome is improving the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-11 Seonghoon Choi , Artur F. Izmaylov

Quantum computing presents a promising path toward precise quantum chemical simulations, particularly for systems that challenge classical methods. This work investigates the performance of the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Zakaria Boutakka , Nouhaila Innan , Muhammed Shafique , Mohamed Bennai , Z. Sakhi

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a promising algorithm for quantum computing applications in chemistry and materials science, particularly in addressing the limitations of classical methods for complex systems. This study…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Nia Pollard , Kamal Choudhary

Accurate determination of ground-state energies for molecules remains a challenge in quantum chemistry and a cornerstone for progress in fields such as drug discovery and materials design. The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE)…

Variational-Quantum-Eigensolver (VQE) method has been known as the method of chemical calculation using quantum computers and classical computers. This method also can derive the energy levels of excited states by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Hikaru Wakaura , Takao Tomono

The contextual subspace variational quantum eigensolver (CS-VQE) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm that approximates the ground-state energy of a given qubit Hamiltonian. It achieves this by separating the Hamiltonian into contextual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-14 Alexis Ralli , Tim Weaving , Andrew Tranter , William M. Kirby , Peter J. Love , Peter V. Coveney

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most promising algorithms for low-lying eigenstates calculation on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers. Specifically, VQE has achieved great success for ground state…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Hengzhun Chen , Yingzhou Li , Bichen Lu , Jianfeng Lu

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a promising hybrid algorithm, utilizing both quantum and classical computers to obtain the ground state energy of molecules. In this context, this study applies VQE to investigate the ground…

Variational quantum approaches have shown great promise in finding near-optimal solutions to computationally challenging tasks. Nonetheless, enforcing constraints in a disciplined fashion has been largely unexplored. To address this gap,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Thinh Viet Le , Vassilis Kekatos

Solving the electronic structure problem using the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) technique involves measurement of the Hamiltonian expectation value. Current hardware can perform only projective single-qubit measurements, and thus,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-22 Vladyslav Verteletskyi , Tzu-Ching Yen , Artur F. Izmaylov

Quantum computing offers a scalable approach to solving the nuclear shell model, a highly complex and exponentially scaled many-body problem. This work presents a numerical simulation of the subspace search variational quantum eigensolver…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-12-16 Bhoomika Maheshwari , Paul Stevenson , P. Van Isacker

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) algorithm has been developed to target near term Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers as a method to find the eigenvalues of Hamiltonians. Unlike fully quantum algorithms such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Taylor Harville , Rishu Khurana , Vitor F. Grizzi , Cong Liu

The rapid progress in quantum computing has opened up new possibilities for tackling complex scientific problems. Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) holds the potential to solve quantum chemistry problems and achieve quantum advantages.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-08 Linghua Zhu , Senwei Liang , Chao Yang , Xiaosong Li

We present a novel method for improving the quantum simulation of the ground state energy of molecules. We perform a pre-processing step classically, which reduces the dimensionality of the problem by generating a custom mapping which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-03 Kaur Kristjuhan , Mark Nicholas Jones

Quantum mechanics has introduced a new theoretical framework for the study of molecules, enabling the prediction of properties and dynamics through the solution of the Schr\"odinger equation applied to these systems. However, solving this…