Related papers: Statistical Mechanics of Systems with Negative Tem…
The laws of thermodynamics provide a clear concept of the temperature for an equilibrium system in the continuum limit. Meanwhile, the equipartition theorem allows one to make a connection between the ensemble average of the kinetic energy…
The theory of small-system thermodynamics was originally developed to extend the laws of thermodynamics to length scales of nanometers. Here we review this "nanothermodynamics," and stress how it also applies to large systems that subdivide…
Some analogies between different nonequilibrium heat conduction models, particularly, random walk, discrete variable model, and Boltzmann transport equation with the single relaxation time approximation, have been discussed. We show that…
Despite well over a century of effort, the proper expression for the classical entropy in statistical mechanics remains a subject of debate. The Boltzmann entropy (calculated from a surface in phase space) has been criticized as not being…
This paper is a non-technical, informal presentation of our theory of the second law of thermodynamics as a law that is independent of statistical mechanics and that is derivable solely from certain simple assumptions about adiabatic…
From a new rigorous formulation of the general axiomatic foundations of thermodynamics we derive an operational definition of entropy that responds to the emergent need in many technological frameworks to understand and deploy thermodynamic…
We investigate nonequilibrium steady states in a class of one-dimensional diffusive systems that can attain negative absolute temperatures. The cases of a paramagnetic spin system, a Hamiltonian rotator chain and a one-dimensional discrete…
We discuss thermodynamic properties of dark energy using the formalism of field theory at finite temperature. In particular, we apply our formalism to a purely kinetic type of k-essence. We show quite generally that the entropy associated…
We show that, in general, any complex weakly nonlinear highly multimode system can reach thermodynamic equilibrium that is characterized by a unique temperature and chemical potential. The conditions leading to either positive or negative…
Thermodynamic principles are often deceptively simple and yet surprisingly powerful. We show how a simple rule, such as the net flow of energy in and out of a moving atom under nonequilibrium steady state condition, can expose the…
Algorithmic entropy can be seen as a special case of entropy as studied in statistical mechanics. This viewpoint allows us to apply many techniques developed for use in thermodynamics to the subject of algorithmic information theory. In…
After negative temperature is restated, we find that it will derive necessarily decrease of entropy. Negative temperature is based on the Kelvin scale and the condition dU>0 and dS<0. Conversely, there is also negative temperature for dU<0…
In their seminal work, Fermi, Pasta, Ulam and Tsingou explored the connection between statistical mechanics and dynamical properties, such as chaos and ergodicity. Even today, seventy years later, the topic is not fully understood: while…
Microcanonical Thermodynamics allows the application of Statistical Mechanics on one hand to closed finite and even small systems and on the other to the largest,self-gravitating ones. However, one has to reconsider the fundamental…
We present a conjugate analysis of two different dark energy models investigating both their agreement with recent data and their thermodynamical properties. The successful match with the data allows to both constrain the model parameters…
Nonadditive composition rules for several physical quantities are treated in thermodynamics. It is argued that the zeroth law defines the existence of their additive forms, the formal logarithms. A further principle, the universal…
Non-equilibrium processes in Schottky systems generate by projection onto the equilibrium subspace reversible accompanying processes for which the non-equilibrium variables are functions of the equilibrium ones. The embedding theorem which…
Potential applications of quantum dots in the nanotechnology industry make these systems an important field of study in various areas of physics. In particular, thermodynamics has a significant role in technological innovations. With this…
We show for a large class of interacting particle systems that whenever the stationary measure is not reversible for the dynamics, then the mean entropy production in the steady state is strictly positive. This extends to the thermodynamic…
The temperature of a physical system is operationally defined in physics as "that quantity which is measured by a thermometer" weakly coupled to, and at equilibrium with the system. This definition is unique only at global equilibrium in…