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We present a differentiable simulation architecture for articulated rigid-body dynamics that enables the augmentation of analytical models with neural networks at any point of the computation. Through gradient-based optimization,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Eric Heiden , David Millard , Erwin Coumans , Gaurav S. Sukhatme

Agent-based modeling is a computational dynamic modeling technique that may be less familiar to some readers. Agent-based modeling seeks to understand the behaviour of complex systems by situating agents in an environment and studying the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-04-19 G. Wade McDonald , Nathaniel D. Osgood

One critical challenge in deploying highly performant machine learning models in real-life applications is out of distribution (OOD) detection. Given a predictive model which is accurate on in distribution (ID) data, an OOD detection system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Conor Igoe , Youngseog Chung , Ian Char , Jeff Schneider

Optimization of beamlines and lattices is a common problem in accelerator physics, which is usually solved with semi-analytical methods and numerical optimization routines. However, these are usually of the gradient-free or…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Francisco Huhn , Francesco M. Velotti

Automatic Differentiation (AD) is instrumental for science and industry. It is a tool to evaluate the derivative of a function specified through a computer program. The range of AD application domain spans from Machine Learning to Robotics…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Ioana Ifrim , Vassil Vassilev , David J Lange

Automatic differentiation (AD) is a set of techniques that systematically applies the chain rule to compute the gradients of functions without requiring human intervention. Although the fundamentals of this technology were established…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Afif Boudaoud , Alexandru Calotoiu , Marcin Copik , Torsten Hoefler

Optimization using network traffic models requires computing gradients of objective functions with respect to model parameters. However, derivation of such gradients has often been considered difficult or impractical due to their complexity…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-30 Toru Seo

Simulation systems have become an essential component in the development and validation of autonomous driving technologies. The prevailing state-of-the-art approach for simulation is to use game engines or high-fidelity computer graphics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Wei Li , Chengwei Pan , Rong Zhang , Jiaping Ren , Yuexin Ma , Jin Fang , Feilong Yan , Qichuan Geng , Xinyu Huang , Huajun Gong , Weiwei Xu , Guoping Wang , Dinesh Manocha , Ruigang Yang

Automatic differentiation (AD) in reverse mode (RAD) is a central component of deep learning and other uses of large-scale optimization. Commonly used RAD algorithms such as backpropagation, however, are complex and stateful, hindering deep…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-10-03 Conal Elliott

Training algorithms in deep learning usually treat a mini-batch of samples as a single object; they average gradients over the mini-batch, and then process the average in various ways. Computing other statistics beyond the average may have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Vincent Roulet , Atish Agarwala

Algorithmic differentiation (AD) has become increasingly capable and straightforward to use. However, AD is inefficient when applied directly to solvers, a feature of most engineering analyses. We can leverage implicit differentiation to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-28 Andrew Ning , Taylor McDonnell

Differentiable programming is a fresh programming paradigm which composes parameterized algorithmic components and trains them using automatic differentiation (AD). The concept emerges from deep learning but is not only limited to training…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-09-11 Hai-Jun Liao , Jin-Guo Liu , Lei Wang , Tao Xiang

Feedback optimization is an increasingly popular control paradigm to optimize dynamical systems, accounting for control objectives that concern the system operation at steady-state. Existing feedback optimization techniques heavily rely on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-08 Amir Mehrnoosh , Gianluca Bianchin

Automatic differentiation (AD) is a range of algorithms to compute the numeric value of a function's (partial) derivative, where the function is typically given as a computer program or abstract syntax tree. AD has become immensely popular…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Tom Schrijvers , Birthe van den Berg , Fabrizio Riguzzi

Deep learning has seen tremendous success over the past decade in computer vision, machine translation, and gameplay. This success rests in crucial ways on gradient-descent optimization and the ability to learn parameters of a neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Fei Wang , Daniel Zheng , James Decker , Xilun Wu , Grégory M. Essertel , Tiark Rompf

We explore the possibility of exact algorithmic learning with gradient-based methods and introduce a differentiable framework capable of strong length generalization on arithmetic tasks. Our approach centers on Differentiable Finite-State…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Hristo Papazov , Francesco D'Angelo , Nicolas Flammarion

Planning allows an agent to safely refine its actions before executing them in the real world. In autonomous driving, this is crucial to avoid collisions and navigate in complex, dense traffic scenarios. One way to plan is to search for the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Asen Nachkov , Jan-Nico Zaech , Danda Pani Paudel , Xi Wang , Luc Van Gool

Differentiable simulation enables gradients to be back-propagated through physics simulations. In this way, one can learn the dynamics and properties of a physics system by gradient-based optimization or embed the whole differentiable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Yaofeng Desmond Zhong , Jiequn Han , Biswadip Dey , Georgia Olympia Brikis

Algorithmic differentiation (AD) tools allow to obtain gradient information of a continuously differentiable objective function in a computationally cheap way using the so-called backward mode. It is common practice to use the same tools…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-02 Lukas Baumgärtner , Franz Bethke

We develop nested automatic differentiation (AD) algorithms for exact inference and learning in integer latent variable models. Recently, Winner, Sujono, and Sheldon showed how to reduce marginalization in a class of integer latent variable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-11 Daniel Sheldon , Kevin Winner , Debora Sujono