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Preferential attachment is widely used to model power-law behavior of degree distributions in both directed and undirected networks. In a directed preferential attachment model, despite the well-known marginal power-law degree…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-08-07 Tiandong Wang , Sidney I. Resnick

Though algorithms promise many benefits including efficiency, objectivity and accuracy, they may also introduce or amplify biases. Here we study two well-known algorithms, namely PageRank and Who-to-Follow (WTF), and show to what extent…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Lisette Espín-Noboa , Claudia Wagner , Markus Strohmaier , Fariba Karimi

The directed preferential attachment model is revisited. A new exact characterization of the limiting in- and out-degree distribution is given by two \emph{independent} pure birth processes that are observed at a common exponentially…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-10-08 Tom Britton

We investigate the long-time properties of a dynamic, out-of-equilibrium network of individuals holding one of two opinions in a population consisting of two communities of different sizes. Here, while the agents' opinions are fixed, they…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-02-01 Xiang Li , Mauro Mobilia , Alastair M. Rucklidge , R. K. P. Zia

Growing attention has been brought to the fact that many real directed networks exhibit hierarchy and directionality as measured through techniques like Trophic Analysis and non-normality. We propose a simple growing network model where the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-05-13 Niall Rodgers , Peter Tino , Samuel Johnson

We study the growth of a directed network, in which the growth is constrained by the cost of adding links to the existing nodes. We propose a new preferential-attachment scheme, in which a new node attaches to an existing node i with…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Volkan Sevim , Per Arne Rikvold

In this article we presented a brief study of the main network models with growth and preferential attachment. Such models are interesting because they present several characteristics of real systems. We started with the classical model…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-07-06 Gabriel G. Piva , Fabiano L. Ribeiro , Angelica S. Mata

Preferential attachment models have been widely studied in complex networks, because they can explain the formation of many networks like social networks, citation networks, power grids, and biological networks, to name a few. Motivated by…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-05-03 Sushmita Ruj , Arindam Pal

We consider a preferential attachment model that incorporates an anomaly. Our goal is to understand the evolution of the network before and after the occurrence of the anomaly by studying the influence of the anomaly on the structural…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-05-07 Qiu Liang , Remco van der Hofstad , Nelly Litvak

Identifying the generating mechanism of a network is challenging as, more often than not, only snapshots are available, but not the full evolution. One candidate for the generating mechanism is preferential attachment which, in its simplest…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Thomas Boughen , Clement Lee , Vianey Palacios Ramirez

Inequalities in social networks arise from linking mechanisms, such as preferential attachment (connecting to popular nodes), homophily (connecting to similar others), and triadic closure (connecting through mutual contacts). While…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-20 Jan Bachmann , Samuel Martin-Gutierrez , Lisette Espín-Noboa , Nicola Cinardi , Fariba Karimi

Complex networks in different areas exhibit degree distributions with heavy upper tail. A preferential attachment mechanism in a growth process produces a graph with this feature. We herein investigate a variant of the simple preferential…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-04-18 Angelica Pachon , Laura Sacerdote , Shuyi Yang

We highlight intriguing features of complex networks that are grown by \emph{redirection}. In this mechanism, a target node is chosen uniformly at random from the pre-existing network nodes and the new node attaches either to this initial…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-14 P. L. Krapivsky , S. Redner

The analysis in this paper helps to explain the formation of growing networks with degree distributions that follow extended exponential or power-law tails. We present a generic model in which edge dynamics are driven by a continuous…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-11-12 Jan Medina-López , Jorge Finke

Many complex networks from the World-Wide-Web to biological networks are growing taking into account the heterogeneous features of the nodes. The feature of a node might be a discrete quantity such as a classification of a URL document as…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-05-30 Luca Ferretti , Michele Cortelezzi , Bin Yang , Giacomo Marmorini , Ginestra Bianconi

In this paper we provide numerical evidence of the richer behavior of the connectivity degrees in heterogeneous preferential attachment networks in comparison to their homogeneous counterparts. We analyze the degree distribution in the…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-13 A. Santiago , R. M. Benito

We analyze a dynamic random undirected graph in which newly added vertices are connected to those already present in the graph either using, with probability $p$, an anti-preferential attachment mechanism or, with probability $1-p$, a…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-11 Umberto De Ambroggio , Federico Polito , Laura Sacerdote

Motivated by the complexity of network data, we propose a directed hybrid random network that mixes preferential attachment (PA) rules with uniform attachment (UA) rules. When a new edge is created, with probability $p\in [0,1]$, it follows…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Tiandong Wang , Panpan Zhang

A version of ``preferential attachment'' random graphs, corresponding to linear ``weights'' with random ``edge additions,'' which generalizes some previously considered models, is studied. This graph model is embedded in a continuous-time…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 K. B. Athreya , A. P. Ghosh , S. Sethuraman

Reciprocity characterizes the information exchange between users in a network, and some empirical studies have revealed that social networks have a high proportion of reciprocal edges. Classical directed preferential attachment (PA) models,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-08-10 Tiandong Wang , Sidney I. Resnick
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