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Dense retrieval is a basic building block of information retrieval applications. One of the main challenges of dense retrieval in real-world settings is the handling of queries containing misspelled words. A popular approach for handling…

Ideally Open-Domain Question Answering models should exhibit a number of competencies, ranging from simply memorizing questions seen at training time, to answering novel question formulations with answers seen during training, to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-07 Patrick Lewis , Pontus Stenetorp , Sebastian Riedel

Recent dense retrievers increasingly leverage the robust text understanding capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), encoding queries and documents into a shared embedding space for effective retrieval. However, most existing methods…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yifan Ji , Zhipeng Xu , Zhenghao Liu , Yukun Yan , Shi Yu , Yishan Li , Zhiyuan Liu , Yu Gu , Ge Yu , Maosong Sun

In this paper, we present our approaches for the case law retrieval and the legal case entailment task in the Competition on Legal Information Extraction/Entailment (COLIEE) 2021. As first stage retrieval methods combined with neural…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Sophia Althammer , Arian Askari , Suzan Verberne , Allan Hanbury

Dense retrievers for open-domain question answering (ODQA) have been shown to achieve impressive performance by training on large datasets of question-passage pairs. In this work we ask whether this dependence on labeled data can be reduced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Ori Ram , Gal Shachaf , Omer Levy , Jonathan Berant , Amir Globerson

Recent advance in Dense Retrieval (DR) techniques has significantly improved the effectiveness of first-stage retrieval. Trained with large-scale supervised data, DR models can encode queries and documents into a low-dimensional dense space…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Jingtao Zhan , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu , Jiaxin Mao , Xiaohui Xie , Min Zhang , Shaoping Ma

A vital step towards the widespread adoption of neural retrieval models is their resource efficiency throughout the training, indexing and query workflows. The neural IR community made great advancements in training effective dual-encoder…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Sebastian Hofstätter , Sheng-Chieh Lin , Jheng-Hong Yang , Jimmy Lin , Allan Hanbury

Dense retrieval models use bi-encoder network architectures for learning query and document representations. These representations are often in the form of a vector representation and their similarities are often computed using the dot…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Hamed Zamani , Michael Bendersky

Open-domain question answering (QA) is the tasl of identifying answers to natural questions from a large corpus of documents. The typical open-domain QA system starts with information retrieval to select a subset of documents from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Sina J. Semnani , Manish Pandey

Domain specific question answering is an evolving field that requires specialized solutions to address unique challenges. In this paper, we show that a hybrid approach combining a fine-tuned dense retriever with keyword based sparse search…

Retrieval models based on dense representations in semantic space have become an indispensable branch for first-stage retrieval. These retrievers benefit from surging advances in representation learning towards compressive global…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Kai Zhang , Chongyang Tao , Tao Shen , Can Xu , Xiubo Geng , Binxing Jiao , Daxin Jiang

Recently, the retrieval models based on dense representations have been gradually applied in the first stage of the document retrieval tasks, showing better performance than traditional sparse vector space models. To obtain high efficiency,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Hongyin Tang , Xingwu Sun , Beihong Jin , Jingang Wang , Fuzheng Zhang , Wei Wu

Conversational dense retrieval has shown to be effective in conversational search. However, a major limitation of conversational dense retrieval is their lack of interpretability, hindering intuitive understanding of model behaviors for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Yiruo Cheng , Kelong Mao , Zhicheng Dou

Dense retrievers have demonstrated significant potential for neural information retrieval; however, they exhibit a lack of robustness to domain shifts, thereby limiting their efficacy in zero-shot settings across diverse domains. Previous…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Goksenin Yuksel , Jaap Kamps

We address the task of sentence retrieval for open-ended dialogues. The goal is to retrieve sentences from a document corpus that contain information useful for generating the next turn in a given dialogue. Prior work on dialogue-based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Itay Harel , Hagai Taitelbaum , Idan Szpektor , Oren Kurland

Dual encoders are now the dominant architecture for dense retrieval. Yet, we have little understanding of how they represent text, and why this leads to good performance. In this work, we shed light on this question via distributions over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Ori Ram , Liat Bezalel , Adi Zicher , Yonatan Belinkov , Jonathan Berant , Amir Globerson

Temporal awareness is crucial in many information retrieval tasks, particularly in scenarios where the relevance of documents depends on their alignment with the query's temporal context. Traditional approaches such as BM25 and Dense…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Abdelrahman Abdallah , Bhawna Piryani , Jonas Wallat , Avishek Anand , Adam Jatowt

Open-domain question answering (OpenQA) is an important branch of textual QA which discovers answers for the given questions based on a large number of unstructured documents. Effectively mining correct answers from the open-domain sources…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Tingting Liang , Yixuan Jiang , Congying Xia , Ziqiang Zhao , Yuyu Yin , Philip S. Yu

This paper presents TableQuery, a novel tool for querying tabular data using deep learning models pre-trained to answer questions on free text. Existing deep learning methods for question answering on tabular data have various limitations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Abhijith Neil Abraham , Fariz Rahman , Damanpreet Kaur

Transformer based architectures are recently used for the task of answering questions over tables. In order to improve the accuracy on this task, specialized pre-training techniques have been developed and applied on millions of open-domain…