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Batch normalization (BN) is a technique to normalize activations in intermediate layers of deep neural networks. Its tendency to improve accuracy and speed up training have established BN as a favorite technique in deep learning. Yet,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Johan Bjorck , Carla Gomes , Bart Selman , Kilian Q. Weinberger

Modern meta-learning approaches for image classification rely on increasingly deep networks to achieve state-of-the-art performance, making batch normalization an essential component of meta-learning pipelines. However, the hierarchical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-14 John Bronskill , Jonathan Gordon , James Requeima , Sebastian Nowozin , Richard E. Turner

Batch normalization was introduced in 2015 to speed up training of deep convolution networks by normalizing the activations across the current batch to have zero mean and unity variance. The results presented here show an interesting aspect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-22 Mohamed Hajaj , Duncan Gillies

Batch Normalization (BatchNorm) is a technique that improves the training of deep neural networks, especially Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). It has been empirically demonstrated that BatchNorm increases performance, stability, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Yashna Peerthum , Mark Stamp

Batch normalization is a key component of most image classification models, but it has many undesirable properties stemming from its dependence on the batch size and interactions between examples. Although recent work has succeeded in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Andrew Brock , Soham De , Samuel L. Smith , Karen Simonyan

A key component of most neural network architectures is the use of normalization layers, such as Batch Normalization. Despite its common use and large utility in optimizing deep architectures, it has been challenging both to generically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Cecilia Summers , Michael J. Dinneen

Batch normalization (batch norm) is often used in an attempt to stabilize and accelerate training in deep neural networks. In many cases it indeed decreases the number of parameter updates required to achieve low training error. However, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Angus Galloway , Anna Golubeva , Thomas Tanay , Medhat Moussa , Graham W. Taylor

Inspired by BatchNorm, there has been an explosion of normalization layers in deep learning. Recent works have identified a multitude of beneficial properties in BatchNorm to explain its success. However, given the pursuit of alternative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Robert P. Dick , Hidenori Tanaka

Despite the significant success of deep learning in computer vision tasks, cross-domain tasks still present a challenge in which the model's performance will degrade when the training set and the test set follow different distributions.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Lei Qi , Dongjia Zhao , Yinghuan Shi , Xin Geng

Batch Normalization (BatchNorm) is effective for improving the performance and accelerating the training of deep neural networks. However, it has also shown to be a cause of adversarial vulnerability, i.e., networks without it are more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Muhammad Awais , Fahad Shamshad , Sung-Ho Bae

In training neural networks, batch normalization has many benefits, not all of them entirely understood. But it also has some drawbacks. Foremost is arguably memory consumption, as computing the batch statistics requires all instances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Benjamin Berger , Victor Uc Cetina

Test-time domain adaptation aims to adapt the model trained on source domains to unseen target domains using a few unlabeled images. Emerging research has shown that the label and domain information is separately embedded in the weight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Yanan Wu , Zhixiang Chi , Yang Wang , Konstantinos N. Plataniotis , Songhe Feng

Batch normalization (BN) is a ubiquitous technique for training deep neural networks that accelerates their convergence to reach higher accuracy. However, we demonstrate that BN comes with a fundamental drawback: it incentivizes the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Saeid Asgari Taghanaki , Ali Gholami , Fereshte Khani , Kristy Choi , Linh Tran , Ran Zhang , Aliasghar Khani

Batch Normalization (BN) is widely used in {centralized} deep learning to improve convergence and generalization. However, in {federated} learning (FL) with decentralized data, prior work has observed that training with BN could hinder…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Jike Zhong , Hong-You Chen , Wei-Lun Chao

Domain adaptation deals with adapting classifiers trained on data from a source distribution, to work effectively on data from a target distribution. In this paper, we introduce the Nonlinear Embedding Transform (NET) for unsupervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-26 Hemanth Venkateswara , Shayok Chakraborty , Troy McDaniel , Sethuraman Panchanathan

Deep neural networks have useful applications in many different tasks, however their performance can be severely affected by changes in the data distribution. For example, in the biomedical field, their performance can be affected by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Pedro Vianna , Muawiz Chaudhary , Paria Mehrbod , An Tang , Guy Cloutier , Guy Wolf , Michael Eickenberg , Eugene Belilovsky

Batch normalization (BN) is a fundamental unit in modern deep networks, in which a linear transformation module was designed for improving BN's flexibility of fitting complex data distributions. In this paper, we demonstrate properly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Yuhui Xu , Lingxi Xie , Cihang Xie , Jieru Mei , Siyuan Qiao , Wei Shen , Hongkai Xiong , Alan Yuille

Domain adaptation aims to learn models on a supervised source domain that perform well on an unsupervised target. Prior work has examined domain adaptation in the context of stationary domain shifts, i.e. static data sets. However, with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-03 Sindi Shkodrani , Michael Hofmann , Efstratios Gavves

While the authors of Batch Normalization (BN) identify and address an important problem involved in training deep networks-- \textit{Internal Covariate Shift}-- the current solution has certain drawbacks. For instance, BN depends on batch…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-21 Devansh Arpit , Yingbo Zhou , Hung Ngo , Venu Govindaraju

Deep models must learn robust and transferable representations in order to perform well on new domains. While domain transfer methods (e.g., domain adaptation, domain generalization) have been proposed to learn transferable representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Donghyun Kim , Kaihong Wang , Stan Sclaroff , Kate Saenko