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Predictive Coding (PC) is an influential account of cortical learning. Much of recent work has focused on comparing PC to Backpropagation (BP) to find whether PC offers any advantages. Small scale experiments show that PC enables learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Gaspard Oliviers , Elene Lominadze , Rafal Bogacz

Predictive Coding (PC) is a biologically-inspired learning framework characterised by local, parallelisable operations, properties that enable energy-efficient implementation on neuromorphic hardware. Despite this, extending PC effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Tom Potter , Oliver Rhodes

Typically, unsupervised segmentation of speech into the phone and word-like units are treated as separate tasks and are often done via different methods which do not fully leverage the inter-dependence of the two tasks. Here, we unify them…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-12 Saurabhchand Bhati , Jesús Villalba , Piotr Żelasko , Laureano Moro-Velazquez , Najim Dehak

Despite being the best known objective for learning speech representations, the HuBERT objective has not been further developed and improved. We argue that it is the lack of an underlying principle that stalls the development, and, in this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-05 Sung-Lin Yeh , Peter Bell , Hao Tang

Cross entropy loss has served as the main objective function for classification-based tasks. Widely deployed for learning neural network classifiers, it shows both effectiveness and a probabilistic interpretation. Recently, after the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Rahaf Aljundi , Yash Patel , Milan Sulc , Daniel Olmeda , Nikolay Chumerin

A variety of representation learning approaches have been investigated for reinforcement learning; much less attention, however, has been given to investigating the utility of sparse coding. Outside of reinforcement learning, sparse coding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-27 Lei Le , Raksha Kumaraswamy , Martha White

The objective of this paper is self-supervised learning of spatio-temporal embeddings from video, suitable for human action recognition. We make three contributions: First, we introduce the Dense Predictive Coding (DPC) framework for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Tengda Han , Weidi Xie , Andrew Zisserman

Unsupervised learning is just at a tipping point where it could really take off. Among these approaches, contrastive learning has seen tremendous progress and led to state-of-the-art performance. In this paper, we construct a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Yu Wang , Jingyang Lin , Qi Cai , Yingwei Pan , Ting Yao , Hongyang Chao , Tao Mei

Recent work has shown that, when integrated with adversarial training, self-supervised pre-training can lead to state-of-the-art robustness In this work, we improve robustness-aware self-supervised pre-training by learning representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Ziyu Jiang , Tianlong Chen , Ting Chen , Zhangyang Wang

A mainstream type of current self-supervised learning methods pursues a general-purpose representation that can be well transferred to downstream tasks, typically by optimizing on a given pretext task such as instance discrimination. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Xin Liu , Zhongdao Wang , Yali Li , Shengjin Wang

This paper is concerned with contrastive learning (CL) for low-level image restoration and enhancement tasks. We propose a new label-efficient learning paradigm based on residuals, residual contrastive learning (RCL), and derive an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Nanqing Dong , Matteo Maggioni , Yongxin Yang , Eduardo Pérez-Pellitero , Ales Leonardis , Steven McDonagh

Robotic systems that rely primarily on self-supervised learning have the potential to decrease the amount of human annotation and engineering effort required to learn control strategies. In the same way that prior robotic systems have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Chongyi Zheng , Benjamin Eysenbach , Homer Walke , Patrick Yin , Kuan Fang , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Sergey Levine

Traditional supervised learning methods are hitting a bottleneck because of their dependency on expensive manually labeled data and their weaknesses such as limited generalization ability and vulnerability to adversarial attacks. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Ran Liu

To improve performance in visual feature representation from photos or videos for practical applications, we generally require large-scale human-annotated labeled data while training deep neural networks. However, the cost of gathering and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Zhenyuan Lu

In reinforcement learning (RL), it is easier to solve a task if given a good representation. While deep RL should automatically acquire such good representations, prior work often finds that learning representations in an end-to-end fashion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Benjamin Eysenbach , Tianjun Zhang , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Sergey Levine

Noise contrastive learning is a popular technique for unsupervised representation learning. In this approach, a representation is obtained via reduction to supervised learning, where given a notion of semantic similarity, the learner tries…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Jordan T. Ash , Surbhi Goel , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Dipendra Misra

Self-supervised methods such as Contrastive predictive Coding (CPC) have greatly improved the quality of the unsupervised representations. These representations significantly reduce the amount of labeled data needed for downstream task…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-27 Saurabhchand Bhati , Jesús Villalba , Piotr Żelasko , Laureano Moro-Velazquez , Najim Dehak

We investigate the possibility of forcing a self-supervised model trained using a contrastive predictive loss to extract slowly varying latent representations. Rather than producing individual predictions for each of the future…

Unsupervised object-centric representation (OCR) learning has recently drawn attention as a new paradigm of visual representation. This is because of its potential of being an effective pre-training technique for various downstream tasks in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Jaesik Yoon , Yi-Fu Wu , Heechul Bae , Sungjin Ahn

Reinforcement learning (RL) and model predictive control (MPC) offer a wealth of distinct approaches for automatic decision-making under uncertainty. Given the impact both fields have had independently across numerous domains, there is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-13 Nathan P. Lawrence , Philip D. Loewen , Michael G. Forbes , R. Bhushan Gopaluni , Ali Mesbah