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Deep neural networks have demonstrated remarkable performance across various domains, yet their decision-making processes remain opaque. Although many explanation methods are dedicated to bringing the obscurity of DNNs to light, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Kanglong Fan , Yunqiao Yang , Chen Ma

In this introductory article we present the basics of an approach to implementing computational interpreting of natural language aiming to model the meanings of words and phrases. Unlike other approaches, we attempt to define the meanings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Michael Kapustin , Pavlo Kapustin

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are highly effective on a variety of graph-related tasks; however, they lack interpretability and transparency. Current explainability approaches are typically local and treat GNNs as black-boxes. They do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Han Xuanyuan , Pietro Barbiero , Dobrik Georgiev , Lucie Charlotte Magister , Pietro Lió

Deep neural networks are increasingly used in natural language processing (NLP) models. However, the need to interpret and explain the results from complex algorithms are limiting their widespread adoption in regulated industries such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Wei Zhao , Tarun Joshi , Vijayan N. Nair , Agus Sudjianto

Recent efforts in Machine Learning (ML) interpretability have focused on creating methods for explaining black-box ML models. However, these methods rely on the assumption that simple approximations, such as linear models or decision-trees,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Owen Lahav , Nicholas Mastronarde , Mihaela van der Schaar

As the applications of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in sensitive areas like Political Profiling, Review of Essays in Education, etc. proliferate, there is a great need for increasing transparency in NLP models to build trust with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Adel Rahimi , Shaurya Jain

Neural NLP models are increasingly accurate but are imperfect and opaque---they break in counterintuitive ways and leave end users puzzled at their behavior. Model interpretation methods ameliorate this opacity by providing explanations for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Eric Wallace , Jens Tuyls , Junlin Wang , Sanjay Subramanian , Matt Gardner , Sameer Singh

Predictions obtained by, e.g., artificial neural networks have a high accuracy but humans often perceive the models as black boxes. Insights about the decision making are mostly opaque for humans. Particularly understanding the decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Nadia Burkart , Marco F. Huber

Artificial neural networks have long been understood as "black boxes": though we know their computation graphs and learned parameters, the knowledge encoded by these weights and functions they perform are not inherently interpretable. As…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Adam Davies , Ashkan Khakzar

Explaining recommendations enables users to understand whether recommended items are relevant to their needs and has been shown to increase their trust in the system. More generally, if designing explainable machine learning models is key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Darius Afchar , Romain Hennequin

A wide variety of model explanation approaches have been proposed in recent years, all guided by very different rationales and heuristics. In this paper, we take a new route and cast interpretability as a statistical inference problem. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Hugo Henri Joseph Senetaire , Damien Garreau , Jes Frellsen , Pierre-Alexandre Mattei

Deep neural networks that yield human interpretable decisions by architectural design have lately become an increasingly popular alternative to post hoc interpretation of traditional black-box models. Among these networks, the arguably most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Adrian Hoffmann , Claudio Fanconi , Rahul Rade , Jonas Kohler

We present an interpretable neural network approach to predicting and understanding politeness in natural language requests. Our models are based on simple convolutional neural networks directly on raw text, avoiding any manual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-11 Malika Aubakirova , Mohit Bansal

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to outperform traditional machine learning algorithms in a broad variety of application domains due to their effectiveness in modeling complex problems and handling high-dimensional datasets. Many…

In spite of several claims stating that some models are more interpretable than others -- e.g., "linear models are more interpretable than deep neural networks" -- we still lack a principled notion of interpretability to formally compare…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Pablo Barceló , Mikaël Monet , Jorge Pérez , Bernardo Subercaseaux

Explainable AI is an emerging field providing solutions for acquiring insights into automated systems' rationale. It has been put on the AI map by suggesting ways to tackle key ethical and societal issues. Existing explanation techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Ioannis Mollas , Nick Bassiliades , Grigorios Tsoumakas

Convolutional neural network (CNN) models have seen advanced improvements in performance in various domains, but lack of interpretability is a major barrier to assurance and regulation during operation for acceptance and deployment of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Wenli Yang , Guan Huang , Renjie Li , Jiahao Yu , Yanyu Chen , Quan Bai , Beyong Kang

In recent years, natural language processing (NLP) has got great development with deep learning techniques. In the sub-field of machine translation, a new approach named Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has emerged and got massive attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Shuoheng Yang , Yuxin Wang , Xiaowen Chu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have played a pivotal role in advancing Artificial Intelligence (AI). However, despite their achievements, LLMs often struggle to explain their decision-making processes, making them a 'black box' and presenting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Avash Palikhe , Zhenyu Yu , Zichong Wang , Wenbin Zhang

Natural Language Processing prides itself to be an empirically-minded, if not outright empiricist field, and yet lately it seems to get itself into essentialist debates on issues of meaning and measurement ("Do Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 David Schlangen