English
Related papers

Related papers: Treatment Allocation under Uncertain Costs

200 papers

Selective labels are a common feature of consequential decision-making applications, referring to the lack of observed outcomes under one of the possible decisions. This paper reports work in progress on learning decision policies in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Dennis Wei

In consequential domains, it is often impossible to compel individuals to take treatment, so that optimal policy rules are merely suggestions in the presence of human non-adherence to treatment recommendations. We study personalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Angela Zhou

Treatment effect heterogeneity is of a great concern when evaluating policy impact: "is the treatment Pareto-improving?", "what is the proportion of people who are better off under the treatment?", etc. However, even in the simple case of a…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-09-18 Myungkou Shin

The current body of research on developing optimal treatment strategies often places emphasis on intention-to-treat analyses, which fail to take into account the compliance behavior of individuals. Methods based on instrumental variables…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-21 Cuong T. Pham , Kevin G. Lynch , James R. McKay , Ashkan Ertefaie

We study an online resource allocation problem under uncertainty about demand and about the reward of each type of demand (agents) for the resource. Even though dealing with demand uncertainty in resource allocation problems has been the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-11 Negin Gorlezaei , Patrick Jaillet , Zijie Zhou

Optimal treatment rules are mappings from individual patient characteristics to tailored treatment assignments that maximize mean outcomes. In this work, we introduce a conditional potential benefit (CPB) metric that measures the expected…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-29 Alexander W. Levis , Eli Ben-Michael , Edward H. Kennedy

Learning beneficial treatment allocations for a patient population is an important problem in precision medicine. Many treatments come with adverse side effects that are not commensurable with their potential benefits. Patients who do not…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-14 Sofia Ek , Dave Zachariah

We develop a mathematical framework to define an optimal individualized treatment rule (ITR) within the context of prioritized outcomes in a randomized controlled trial. Our optimality criterion is based on the framework of generalized…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-17 François Petit , Gérard Biau , Raphaël Porcher

Oversubscribed treatments are often allocated using randomized waiting lists. Applicants are ranked randomly, and treatment offers are made following that ranking until all seats are filled. To estimate causal effects, researchers often…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-10-24 Clement de Chaisemartin , Luc Behaghel

Randomized experimentation (also known as A/B testing or bucket testing) is widely used in the internet industry to measure the metric impact obtained by different treatment variants. A/B tests identify the treatment variant showing the…

This paper studies the problem of estimating individualized treatment rules when treatment effects are partially identified, as it is often the case with observational data. By drawing connections between the treatment assignment problem…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-01-02 Riccardo D'Adamo

Individualized treatment rules aim to identify if, when, which, and to whom treatment should be applied. A globally aging population, rising healthcare costs, and increased access to patient-level data have created an urgent need for…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-04 Ying-Qi Zhao , Eric B. Laber , Yang Ning , Sumona Saha , Bruce Sands

In this paper, we explore optimal treatment allocation policies that target distributional welfare. Most literature on treatment choice has considered utilitarian welfare based on the conditional average treatment effect (ATE). While…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-30 Yifan Cui , Sukjin Han

Platform trials are randomized clinical trials that allow simultaneous comparison of multiple interventions, usually against a common control. Arms to test experimental interventions may enter and leave the platform over time. This implies…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-12 Marta Bofill Roig , Ekkehard Glimm , Tobias Mielke , Martin Posch

To maximize clinical benefit, clinicians routinely tailor treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient, where individualized treatment rules are needed and are of significant research interest to statisticians. In the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-23 Trinetri Ghosh , Yanyuan Ma , Rui Song , Pingshou Zhong

Decision makers, such as doctors and judges, make crucial decisions such as recommending treatments to patients, and granting bails to defendants on a daily basis. Such decisions typically involve weighting the potential benefits of taking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Himabindu Lakkaraju , Cynthia Rudin

Many policies involve dynamics in their treatment assignments, where individuals receive sequential interventions over multiple stages. We study estimation of an optimal dynamic treatment regime that guides the optimal treatment assignment…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-09-04 Shosei Sakaguchi

Health policy decisions regarding patient treatment strategies require consideration of both treatment effectiveness and cost. Optimizing treatment rules with respect to effectiveness may result in prohibitively expensive strategies; on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-20 Nicholas Illenberger , Andrew J. Spieker , Nandita Mitra

We consider the problem of how to assign treatment in a randomized experiment, in which the correlation among the outcomes is informed by a network available pre-intervention. Working within the potential outcome causal framework, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-05-19 Guillaume W. Basse , Edoardo M. Airoldi

When optimizing problems with uncertain parameter values in a linear objective, decision-focused learning enables end-to-end learning of these values. We are interested in a stochastic scheduling problem, in which processing times are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Kim van den Houten , David M. J. Tax , Esteban Freydell , Mathijs de Weerdt