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Spin liquids form fluctuating magnetic textures which have to obey certain rules imposed by frustration. These rules can often be written in the form of a Gauss law, indicating the local conservation of an emergent electric field. In…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-10-17 Naïmo Davier , Flavia A. Gómez Albarracín , H. Diego Rosales , Pierre Pujol , Ludovic D. C. Jaubert

Recently, a new class of three-dimensional spin liquid models have been theoretically discovered, which feature generalized Coulomb phases of emergent symmetric tensor $U(1)$ gauge theories. These "higher rank" tensor models are…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-10-29 Abhinav Prem , Sagar Vijay , Yang-Zhi Chou , Michael Pretko , Rahul M. Nandkishore

The hallmark of highly frustrated systems is the presence of many states close in energy to the ground state. Fluctuations between these states can preclude the emergence of any form of order and lead to the appearance of spin liquids. Even…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-05-31 Han Yan , Owen Benton , Andriy H. Nevidomskyy , Roderich Moessner

Topological spin liquids are robust quantum states of matter with long-range entanglement and possess many exotic properties such as the fractional statistics of the elementary excitations. Yet these states, short of local parameters like…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-08-28 Yan-Cheng Wang , Chen Fang , Meng Cheng , Yang Qi , Zi Yang Meng

If spin liquids have been famously defined by what they are not, i.e. ordered, the past years have seen the frontier between order and spin liquid starting to fade, with a growing number of materials whose low-temperature physics cannot be…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-02-09 Ludovic D. C. Jaubert

Gapless fracton quantum spin liquids are exotic phases of matter described by higher-rank U(1) gauge theories which host gapped and immobile fracton matter excitations as well as gapless photons. Despite well-known field theories, no spin…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-08-12 Nils Niggemann , Meghadeepa Adhikary , Yannik Schaden-Thillmann , Johannes Reuther

Artificial spin ices are frustrated spin systems that can be engineered, wherein fine tuning of geometry and topology has allowed the design and characterization of exotic emergent phenomena at the constituent level. Here we report a…

The forging of strong correlations on decreasing temperature can take place without the arousal of conventional order. If this happens, as in some geometrically frustrated magnets, disorder can be a phenomenon more interesting than order…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-07-31 D. Slobinsky , L. Pili , R. A. Borzi

Spin liquids are exotic phases of matter that often support emergent gauge fields and quasi-particle excitations. While spin liquids are commonly known for remaining disordered, their definition has been extended to include phases with…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-12-28 E. Lhotel , L. D. C. Jaubert , P. C. W. Holdsworth

Emergent gauge fields and Coulomb liquids have long been central to the physics of frustrated pyrochlore magnets, yet their realization beyond conventional, i.e. rank-1 $U(1)$, spin ice and into fully quantum higher-rank regimes has…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-02-18 Lasse Gresista , Daniel Lozano-Gómez , Matthias Vojta , Simon Trebst , Yasir Iqbal

We present a large class of three-dimensional spin models that possess topological order with stability against local perturbations, but are beyond description of topological quantum field theory. Conventional topological spin liquids, on a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2013-09-17 Beni Yoshida

Spin liquids are exotic quantum states characterized by the existence of fractional and deconfined quasiparticle excitations, referred to as spinons and visons. Their fractional nature establishes topological properties such as a protected…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-12-20 Jonas Sonnenschein , Johannes Reuther

The square ice is a two-dimensional spin liquid hosting a Coulomb phase physics. When constrained under specific boundary conditions, the so-called domain-wall boundary conditions, a phase separation occurs that leads to the formation of a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-11-26 Johann Coraux , Nicolas Rougemaille

In this work we identify a previously unexplored type of topological defect in spiral spin liquids -- the momentum vortex -- and reveal its dominant role in shaping the low energy physics of such systems. Spiral spin liquids are a class of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-12-01 Han Yan , Johannes Reuther

Spin liquids represent exotic types of quantum matter that evade conventional symmetry-breaking order even at zero temperature. Exhaustive classifications of spin liquids have been carried out in several systems, particularly in the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2014-11-19 Johannes Reuther , Shu-Ping Lee , Jason Alicea

We study the interplay of topological bottlenecks and energetic barriers to equilibration in a Coulomb spin liquid where a short-range energetic coupling between defects charged under an emergent gauge field supplements their entropic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-09-20 Masafumi Udagawa , Ludovic D. C. Jaubert , Claudio Castelnovo , Roderich Moessner

Spiral spin liquids are unique classical spin liquids that occur in many frustrated spin systems, but do not comprise a new phase of matter. Owing to extensive classical ground-state degeneracy, the spins in a spiral spin liquid thermally…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-06-01 Xu-Ping Yao , Jian Qiao Liu , Chun-Jiong Huang , Xiaoqun Wang , Gang Chen

Spin liquids are collective phases of quantum matter which have eluded discovery in correlated magnetic materials for over half a century. Theoretical models of these enigmatic topological phases are no longer in short supply. In experiment…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-03-28 Johannes Knolle , Roderich Moessner

Topological states of matter present a wide variety of striking new phenomena. Prominent among these is the fractionalisation of electrons into unusual particles: Majorana fermions [1], Laughlin quasiparticles [2] or magnetic monopoles [3].…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2014-05-26 J. Knolle , D. L. Kovrizhin , J. T. Chalker , R. Moessner

Spin liquids are quantum phases of matter that exhibit a variety of novel features associated with their topological character. These include various forms of fractionalization - elementary excitations that behave as fractions of an…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-01-20 C. Broholm , R. J. Cava , S. A. Kivelson , D. G. Nocera , M. R. Norman , T. Senthil
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