Related papers: Iterative solutions for the gravitational lens equ…
We develop an iterative approach to gravitational lensing theory based on approximate solutions of the null geodesic equations. The approach can be employed in any space-time which is ``close'' to a space-time in which the null geodesic…
We study the continuous limit of the multiple gravitational lensing theory based on the thin lens approximation. Under the approximation, we define a new, light-path dependent angular diameter distance $\tilde{d}$ and show that it satisfies…
We study approximate solutions of the gravitational lens equation and corresponding lens magnification factor near the critical point. This consideration is based on the Taylor expansion of the lens potential in powers of coordinates and an…
In this paper we study the gravitational lensing effect for the Schwarzschild solution with holonomy corrections. We use two types of approximation methods to calculate the deflection angle, namely the weak and strong field limits. For the…
We first define what we mean by gravitational lensing equations in a general space-time. A set of exact relations are then derived that can be used as the gravitational lens equations in all physical situations. The caveat is that into…
The 0th order of affine perturbation series of the deflection angle of a ray near a photon sphere is more accurate than a deflection angle in a strong deflection limit, which is used often, because the later has hidden error terms. We…
We study the deflection and gravitational lensing (GL) of both timelike and null signals in the equatorial plane of arbitrary stationary and axisymmetric spacetimes in the strong deflection limit. Our approach employs a perturbative method…
We found strong similarities between the gravitational lensing and the conventional optical lensing. The similarities imply a graded refractive index description of the light deflection in gravitational field. We got a general approach to…
We present a framework that reformulates gravitational lensing as an optical phenomenon governed by an effective refractive index, enabling exploration of modified gravity theories using undergraduate-level mathematics and optics. After…
Predictions of the standard thin lens approximation and a new iterative approach to gravitational lensing are compared with an ``exact'' approach in simple test cases involving one or two lenses. We show that the thin lens and iterative…
Keeping the exact general relativistic treatment of light bending as a reference, we compare the accuracy of commonly used approximate lens equations. We conclude that the best approximate lens equation is the Ohanian lens equation, for…
We investigate the gravitational lensing of a Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole with a global monopole at finite distances. In this asymptotically nonflat spacetime, the deflection angle of light is decomposed into two parts: the first…
It is known that a relative translational motion between the deflector and the observer affects gravitational lensing. In this paper, a lens equation is obtained to describe such effects on actual lensing observables. Results can be easily…
We revisit the gravitational lensing of light or gravitational waves by Schwarzschild black hole in geometric optics. Instead of a single massless particle, we investigate the collective behavior of a congruence of light/gravitational rays,…
Large scale imaging surveys will increase the number of galaxy-scale strong lensing candidates by maybe three orders of magnitudes beyond the number known today. Finding these rare objects will require picking them out of at least tens of…
Continuing work initiated in an earlier publication [Ishihara, Suzuki, Ono, Kitamura, Asada, Phys. Rev. D {\bf 94}, 084015 (2016) ], we discuss a method of calculating the bending angle of light in a static, spherically symmetric and…
While most strong-gravitational-lensing systems may be roughly modelled by a single massive object between the source and the observer, in the details all the structures near the light path contribute to the observed images. These…
Modern applications of strong gravitational lensing require the ability to use precise and varied observational data to constrain complex lens models. I discuss two sets of computational methods for lensing calculations. The first is a new…
We investigate strong gravitational lensing by a marginally unstable photon sphere in a Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m naked singularity spacetime. Using the Picard-Fuchs equation, we derive full-order power series expressions for the deflection…
In order to clarify effects of the finite distance from a lens object to a light source and a receiver, the gravitational deflection of light has been recently reexamined by using the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) theorem in differential geometry…