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Progress in text understanding has been driven by large datasets that test particular capabilities, like recent datasets for reading comprehension (Hermann et al., 2015). We focus here on the LAMBADA dataset (Paperno et al., 2016), a word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-20 Zewei Chu , Hai Wang , Kevin Gimpel , David McAllester

Grammaticality and likelihood are distinct notions in human language. Pretrained language models (LMs), which are probabilistic models of language fitted to maximize corpus likelihood, generate grammatically well-formed text and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yingshan Susan Wang , Linlu Qiu , Zhaofeng Wu , Roger P. Levy , Yoon Kim

Transformer language models have received widespread public attention, yet their generated text is often surprising even to NLP researchers. In this survey, we discuss over 250 recent studies of English language model behavior before…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Tyler A. Chang , Benjamin K. Bergen

Topic modeling is traditionally applied to word counts without accounting for the context in which words appear. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) offer contextualized word embeddings, which capture deeper meaning and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-30 Morgane Austern , Yuanchuan Guo , Zheng Tracy Ke , Tianle Liu

The success of large pretrained language models (LMs) such as BERT and RoBERTa has sparked interest in probing their representations, in order to unveil what types of knowledge they implicitly capture. While prior research focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Ivan Vulić , Edoardo Maria Ponti , Robert Litschko , Goran Glavaš , Anna Korhonen

Topic models are one of the compelling methods for discovering latent semantics in a document collection. However, it assumes that a document has sufficient co-occurrence information to be effective. However, in short texts, co-occurrence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Pritom Saha Akash , Jie Huang , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

As language models (LMs) deliver increasing performance on a range of NLP tasks, probing classifiers have become an indispensable technique in the effort to better understand their inner workings. A typical setup involves (1) defining an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Charles Jin , Martin Rinard

We present a simple approach for text infilling, the task of predicting missing spans of text at any position in a document. While infilling could enable rich functionality especially for writing assistance tools, more attention has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Chris Donahue , Mina Lee , Percy Liang

We introduce Holmes, a new benchmark designed to assess language models (LMs) linguistic competence - their unconscious understanding of linguistic phenomena. Specifically, we use classifier-based probing to examine LMs' internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Andreas Waldis , Yotam Perlitz , Leshem Choshen , Yufang Hou , Iryna Gurevych

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable improvements in reasoning and many existing benchmarks have been addressed by models such as o1 and o3 either fully or partially. However, a majority of these benchmarks emphasize deductive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Wenyue Hua , Tyler Wong , Sun Fei , Liangming Pan , Adam Jardine , William Yang Wang

Recent studies have shown that multilingual pretrained language models can be effectively improved with cross-lingual alignment information from Wikipedia entities. However, existing methods only exploit entity information in pretraining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Ryokan Ri , Ikuya Yamada , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

Large language models (LLMs) provide detailed and impressive responses to queries in English. However, are they really consistent at responding to the same query in other languages? The popular way of evaluating for multilingual performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ashim Gupta , Maitrey Mehta , Zhichao Xu , Vivek Srikumar

Although language model scores are often treated as probabilities, their reliability as probability estimators has mainly been studied through calibration, overlooking other aspects. In particular, it is unclear whether language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Eitan Wagner , Yuli Slavutsky , Omri Abend

Previous work on document-level NMT usually focuses on limited contexts because of degraded performance on larger contexts. In this paper, we investigate on using large contexts with three main contributions: (1) Different from previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Liangyou Li , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

With the recent success and popularity of pre-trained language models (LMs) in natural language processing, there has been a rise in efforts to understand their inner workings. In line with such interest, we propose a novel method that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Taeuk Kim , Jihun Choi , Daniel Edmiston , Sang-goo Lee

Sentence Embedding stands as a fundamental task within the realm of Natural Language Processing, finding extensive application in search engines, expert systems, and question-and-answer platforms. With the continuous evolution of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Bowen Zhang , Kehua Chang , Chunping Li

Detecting evidence within the context is a key step in the process of reasoning task. Evaluating and enhancing the capabilities of LLMs in evidence detection will strengthen context-based reasoning performance. This paper proposes a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Zhouhong Gu , Lin Zhang , Xiaoxuan Zhu , Jiangjie Chen , Wenhao Huang , Yikai Zhang , Shusen Wang , Zheyu Ye , Yan Gao , Hongwei Feng , Yanghua Xiao

The rapid advancement of pre-trained language models (PLMs) has demonstrated promising results for various code-related tasks. However, their effectiveness in detecting real-world vulnerabilities remains a critical challenge. While existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Youpeng Li , Weiliang Qi , Xuyu Wang , Fuxun Yu , Xinda Wang

Pre-trained language models (PrLM) have to carefully manage input units when training on a very large text with a vocabulary consisting of millions of words. Previous works have shown that incorporating span-level information over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Rongzhou Bao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao

Coherent discourse is distinguished from a mere collection of utterances by the satisfaction of a diverse set of constraints, for example choice of expression, logical relation between denoted events, and implicit compatibility with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Anne Beyer , Sharid Loáiciga , David Schlangen
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